In Japan, the number of reports of rubella has increased since 2012, with 14,344 cases being reported in 2013. Rubella infection in a first-trimester pregnant woman could result in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which causes serious complications. Many municipalities across the country have implemented programs to control the spread, such as offering a subsidy for the vaccination. The aim o...

Background Using Section 8 project-based rental assistance contracts, HUD contracts with for-profit owners of private multifamily housing, who in turn make specific rental properties available to qualified low-income households. Typically, the subsidy will pay the difference between 30 percent of the household’s income and the contract rent; this subsidy is paid by HUD to the landlord. Approxim...

This paper uses household survey data to examine the impact of a food subsidies program on food consumption, caloric intake and calories from different foodgroups for poor households in India. The national food security program (PDS) for households below the poverty line takes the form of a monthly quota of food grains at substantially discounted prices; program rules differ by state and, in so...

BACKGROUND Nutrition North Canada (NNC) is a retail subsidy program implemented in 2012 and designed to reduce the cost of nutritious food for residents living in Canada's remote, northern communities. The present study evaluates the extent to which NNC provides access to perishable, nutritious food for residents of remote northern communities. DESIGN Program documents, including fiscal and f...

Abstract: The agriculture industry plays a critical role in the U.S. economy and various industry sectors depend on the output of farms. A salient challenge in farming is uncertainty in the farm yield, which depends on the weather conditions (and other unpredictable factors) during the growing season and impacts farmers' profit. To protect and raise farmers' income, the U.S. government offers t...

m.a. abdoli 1 , b. tavakoli *1,2, m.h. menhaj3 1- dept. of environmental engineering, university of tehran, faculty of environmental science, tehran, iran. 2-dept. of environment, faculty of natural resources, university of guilan, someh sara, iran 3- dept. of rural development, faculty of agricultural sciences, university of guilan, rasht, iran *corresponding author's e-mail: babak_13...

BACKGROUND Less healthy diets are common in high income countries, although proportionally higher in those of low socio-economic status. Food subsidy programs are one strategy to promote healthy nutrition and to reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. This review summarises the evidence for the health and nutritional impacts of food subsidy programs among disadvantaged families from high ...

Background and Objectives: In May 2003, the government of British Columbia adopted an income-based pharmacare program, replacing the previous age-based program. Stated policy goals included improving the distribution of pharmaceutical payments across incomes. This analysis assesses the policy’s effect on the distribution across incomes of both private payments and public subsidy for prescriptio...

A natural experiment, unintentionally conducted by the price subsidy program Lifeline Assistance, underpins our innovative strategy to estimate consumer demand for communications services. Using a national household panel containing demographic and billing information, we estimate own and cross elasticities of demand for fixed and mobile services and find moderate substitution between the two. ...

The U.S. high cost loop support (HCLS) program, formerly referred to as the Universal Service Fund (USF), has been a key component of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) program to promote telephone access in rural, high cost areas. This study uses data from 1140 rural telecom firms in 50 states between 1991 and 2002 to test the impact of the HCLS subsidy system on reported costs. Our...