A considerable amount of studies have been established on conditional reasoning supporting mental model theory of propositional reasoning. Mental model theory proposed by Johnson- larid and Byrne is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something occurs in the real world. Conditional reasoning as a kind of reasoning is the way to speak about possibilities or probabilities. The a...

Article Lilo Moessner: The history of the present English subjunctive: a corpus-based study mood and modality was published on November 1, 2022 in journal Folia Linguistica (volume 56, issue s43-s1).

In Wehmeier (2004) we are presented with the subjunctive modal language, a way of dealing with the expressive inadequacy of modal logic by marking atomic predicates as being either in the subjunctive or indicative mood. Wehmeier claims that this language is expressively equivalent to the standard actuality language, and that despite this the markedunmarked dichotomies are not the same in the tw...

Factive know selects the indicative, the mood of veridical sentences (Giannakidou 1998, 1999, 2009). If emotives are factive like know, why do they take the subjunctive? If both know and emotives are veridical, how can we explain the contrast between the two vis-à-vis the subjunctive? The usual way mood selection in complement clauses has been handled in the literature is by proposing a general...

The Spanish subjunctive has been the focus of much SLA research, largely because it poses difficulties for learners of Spanish whose L1 is English (e.g., Collentine, 1993; Stokes & Krashen, 1990; Terrell et al., 1987). Investigating the same feature in heritage learners of Spanish can provide more information about their linguistic development and also has the potential to inform our knowledge ...

Third class conditional sentences, a very frequent type of conditional sentence, are identified and characterized by their use of the subjunctive mood in the protasis. The subjunctive indicates potentiality, contingency, or simple futurity. It is the condition which points to a future eventuality. The common notion that it indicates a degree of probability is examined by inductive study of all ...

In addition to its use in plain future assertions, gaa is also used to make epistemic modal claims that lack future orientation. (2a) is an epistemic modal claim with present temporal orientation. The indicative non-modal counterpart of (2a) is (2b). In (2a) the auxiliary bears subjunctive mood morphology and the particle gaa, whereas in (2b) the present indicative auxiliary hai is used. The fe...