This paper assumes a search space of fixed-length strings, where the size of the alphabet can vary from position to position. Structural crossover is mask-based crossover, and thus includes n-point and uniform crossover. Structural mutation is mutation that commutes with a group operation on the search space. This paper shows that structural crossover and mutation project naturally onto competi...

Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm that complies physics laws of momentum and energy. Due to the stagnation susceptibility of CBO by premature convergence and falling into local optima, some meritorious methodologies based on Sine Cosine Algorithm and a mutation operator were considered to mitigate the shortcomings mentioned earlier. Sine Cosine Al...

We have solved the crystal structures of three oncogenic mutants of the core domain of the human tumor suppressor p53. The mutations were introduced into a stabilized variant. The cancer hot spot mutation R273H simply removes an arginine involved in DNA binding without causing structural distortions in neighboring residues. In contrast, the "structural" oncogenic mutations H168R and R249S induc...

Background: Cholestatic disorders are divided in the extra and intra-hepatic that created due to the severe liver diseases. ABCB11 encodes the bile salt export pump and this gene is mutated in several forms of intrahepatic cholestasis. So far, some molecular features of this gene was studies.Objective: Using a developed web server, we identified high number of rare codons in this gene, and four...

A missense amino acid mutation of valine to aspartic acid in 567 position of alpha-dystroglycan (DG), identified in dag1-mutated zebrafish, results in a reduced transcription and a complete absence of the protein. Lacking experimental structural data for zebrafish DG domains, the detailed mechanism for the observed mutation-induced destabilization of the DG complex and membrane damage, remained...