methods in this study, 16 skilled female gymnasts (mean age of 9.62 ± 1.45 years) were randomly categorized to two general warm-up with no stretching (ns, n=8) and general warm-up plus static stretching (ss, n=8) groups. the warm-up protocol included a 10-minute jogging, and the static stretch (ss) protocol included stretching programs on the different parts of body during four weeks, three tim...

----------------------------------------------------Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------This paper considers the problem of a laminar electrically conducting fluid as a boundary layer flow past a stretching plate and heat transfer. The nonlinear partial differential equations were transformed and the resulting ordinary differential equations were solved by using M...

Pre-stretching was carried out to modify the microstructure of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy to enhance its age strengthening. The results indicated that more heterogeneous nucleation sites can be provided by the high density of dislocations caused by the plastic pre-stretching deformation, as well as speeding up the growth rate of precipitates. Comparison of microstructure in non-pre-stretched specimens a...

Synovial joints are loaded by weight bearing, stretching, and fluid-driven shear. To simulate in vitro fluid-driven shear, we developed an "oscillating Couette flow mechanical shear loader". Oscillating Couette flow mimics relative motion of articular surfaces; hence, characterizing flow-induced shear by the loader enhances understanding of mechanotransduction in the joint tissue. Here, the ana...

Non-Euclidean plates are a subset of the class of elastic bodies having no stress-free configuration. Such bodies exhibit residual stress when relaxed from all external constraints, and may assume complicated equilibrium shapes even in the absence of external forces. In this work we present a mathematical framework for such bodies in terms of a covariant theory of linear elasticity, valid for l...

Through-thickness residual-stress profiles in rolled 7050-T74 aluminum plate were measured before and after stress relief by stretching (-Tx51). Measurement required adapting the crack compliance method to measure both inplane stress components. Unexpected features in the profiles could be explained by through-thickness yield strength variations caused by crystallographic texture.

An elastic analysis is presented for the tensile stretching and bending of a plate containing a surface crack penetrating part-through the thickness, Fig. 1. The treatment is approximate, in that the two-dimensional generalized plane stress and KirchhoffPoisson plate bending theories are employed, with the part-through cracked section represented as a continuous line spring. The spring has both...

Polybutene-1 (PB-1), a typical semicrystalline polymer, in its stable form I shows a peculiar temperature dependent strain-whitening behavior when being stretched at temperatures in between room temperature and melting temperature of the crystallites where the extent of strain-whitening weakens with the increasing of stretching temperature reaching a minima value followed by an increase at high...