The proper fabrication of concrete-embedded tracks is a prerequisite for their long-term durability and their economic efficiency. Frequent defects which are caused either during fabrication or during operation are (partially) debonding between the pre-fabricated sleepers and the site-mixed concrete. This paper deals with the Pulse-ESPI-Technique as a measuring method which enables to detect th...

T-cell activation is initiated after T-cell receptor binding to antigen, but also requires interactions between costimulatory molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells. An important costimulatory molecule expressed by monocytes and activated B lymphocytes has been recently identified and termed B7-2 or B70. Independently, a new Cluster of Differentiation was defined in the Fifth Internati...

Abstract This paper presents experimental verification of indirect tests for the determination stress-crack opening curve concrete, based on method described in RILEM TC 187-SOC report and submitted to ACI Committee 446 Fracture Toughness Testing Concrete, which relies standard cohesive model. In such method, a bilinear approximation softening is determined from three-point bending notched spec...

The load generated during train operation is transmitted to sleepers through rails, and then from trackbeds. As one of the important components track structure, are very service-life safety railways. running speed will produce different frequencies on rails. To explore response under cyclical loads, this research used discrete element method simulate rails sleepers, realizes loading by applying...

Dendritic cells comprise a system of highly efficient antigen-presenting cells involved in the initiation of T cell responses. Herein, we investigated the role of the CD28 pathway during alloreactive T cell proliferation induced by dendritic-Langerhans cells (D-Lc) generated by culturing human cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necr...

Concrete sleepers have been widely used throughout the world as an alternative for timber sleepers. In North America, heavy-haul railroads have increased their use of concrete sleepers in recent years for a variety of factors. According to an international survey conducted by researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), railroad industry representatives consider center ...

Abstract During track construction or ballast bed maintenance, layer compaction quality plays an essential role in the following irregularity accumulation, its lifecycle, and maintenance costs. The process is characterized by accumulation of stressed state. elastic wave propagation methods are effective way for identification properties. paper presents theoretical experimental studies consolida...

In Anatomy of a Hospital, Ashley (1987) makes an intriguing figurative diagnosis of the hospital organizational life. So it is this hospital culture, supported by many figures, but still intriguing in its essence, and posing threats to whoever would attempt to approach it in an orderly managerial manner. To speak about innovation in a system which is financially burdened, on the one hand, and s...