Since an XML document has tree structure, XML transformations are ordinarily defined as recursive functions over the tree. Their direct implementation often causes inefficient memory usage because the input XML tree needs to be completely stored in memory. In contrast, XML stream processing can minimize the memory usage and execution time since it begins to output the transformation result befo...

T he cell therapy industry (CTI) is no longer a cottage industry; it is a distinct and sustainable component of the global healthcare sector (1). Today, CTI prospects are strong, with annual revenues exceeding US$1 billion/year, supported by improving investor sentiment and public support (1–3). The next phase of CTI growth — toward a multibillion-dollar global industry — will depend on the bio...

Restenosis secondary to intimal hyperplasia within small diameter intravascular stents is a major problem in the adult population with atherosclerotic vascular disease. In contrast, most large series of stent implants in congenital lesions suggest that restenosis is rarely a problem. Schneider and colleagues, in this issue of Heart, point out that paediatric patients grow and that stents implan...