from the perspective of theorists of international relations including functionalists and regionalists, establishment of cooperation and economic, commercial and transportation relations is among the suitable methods for fostering integration in international relations and deepening friendship, peace and stability particularly among regional countries. considering this fact, the authors believe...

Combining the theories of politics of scale from political geography, security theory from international relations, and energy security theory, and putting the scale conversion of energy contention, geographical relationship and geo-structure in geo-setting, and the three properties of safety in consideration, this paper rebuilds a geo-energy security evaluation model and uses the model to quan...

Today attention to legal regulations is one of the contributory factors to the development of tourism industry. Legality is located on the base of legislations which clarify tourists and host communities mutual responsibilities and rights, and its goal is organizing supply activities of tourism in a sustainable way. In any society tourism is influenced by politics and economy, so providing long...

in 2008, the organisation of gas exporting countries (ogec) was formally established with 11 members in doha, qatar. while having economic and business nature, the organisation is seen as the gas opec, having the potential for changing the geo-strategic and geopolitical structure of the world. therefore, it is regarded as a threat by europe and the us to the security of their energy supply. isl...

abstract without knowing the established order, it would be impossible to reach goals of national security and benefits and it will cause lots of mistakes and large waste of national resources that would be irreparable. nowadays the big powers know the weaknesses and abilities of other countries at international levels. in fact that pakistan is situated in a such strategic part of the world, th...