We present a new type of photonic structures in quadratic nonlinear materials that enable efficient and continuous all-optical deflection. The structures are based on two-dimensional modulation of the nonlinear coefficient and consist of a set of symmetric or anti-symmetric arcs that form a periodic pattern in the propagation direction and a chirped pattern in the transverse direction. Stoichio...

The texture coefficients of the (111) and (200) planes of deposited films of copper were strongly affected by ultrasonic agitation. In general, the texture coefficient of the (111) plane grew without ultrasonic agitation, but that of the (ZOO) plane increased greatly with it. Limiting current densities and cathodic current efficiencies both increased, while grain size was reduced. The stoichiom...

In this paper we propose a methodology to determine the structure of the pseudo-stoichiometric coefficient matrix K in a mass balance-based model and to identify its coefficients from a set of available data. The first stage consists in estimating the number of reactions that must be taken into account to represent the main mass transfer within the bioreactor. This provides the dimension of K. ...

-The conditions under which an exchanger phase will behave as an ideal mixture are established from thermodynamic principles. It is shown that, if a stoichiometric cation-exchange reaction is reversible, the exchanger phase will exhibit ideal behavior if the Vanselow selectivity coefficient is independent of the exchanger composition. This criterion is applied to some recently published data fo...

the feasibility of extractive reaction of methacrylic acid from aqueous solution using a quaternary amine, tri–octyl methyl ammonium chloride (tomac) as an extractant, was studied. the diluents chosen in the present work belong to different chemical classes, n–butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, isoamyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, and toluene. the effect of initial acid concentration in t...

Nano Cd0.9Mg0.05S was synthesized applying the thermolysis technique in air and under flow of nitrogen. Samples obtained exhibited CdS structure with two phases. Rietveld refinement analysis used to determine different parameters. Analysis UV–Vis absorption spectra disclosed that optical band gap sample prepared N2 is less than corresponding air. The (air) decreased as it doped Mg while increas...

the effect of acetate ion introduced to aqueous solutions was investigated for the extraction/separation of ni and co from a dilute sulfate media. the separation of co and ni was improved by introducing acetate to aqueous media. by the use of the slope analysis method,the stoichiometric coefficient of the extractant was found to be 4 for cobalt and 3.5 or 4 for nickel depending on the acetate c...

The stoichiometric recovery and accompanying changes of subsurface atomic structure of Ar ion sputtered, oxygen deficient a-Fe2O3(0001) are studied with X-ray scattering. Although oxygen annealing up to 735 C results in a stoichiometric top surface layer manifested as a (1 · 1) surface structure, the X-ray scattering reveals the existence of a non-stoichiometric phase in the subsurface region. ...