Behavioral research has yielded conflicting results regarding the architecture of short-term memory (STM). Whereas a consensus has emerged that within STM a single chunk within the focus of attention (FA) has a privileged status, it is unclear whether further distinctions exist. One proposal is that outside of FA, memory is all of one sort with a continuous progression from STM to long-term mem...

The capacity of short-term memory (STM) for verbal materials depends both upon the number of familiar chunks and upon the average complexity (number of syllables) of the chunks. A model that predicts STM capacity well was built, incorporating these two factors, for a number of experiments that used both Chinese and English language materials. One experiment, which used Chinese homophones, showe...

Salmonella Typhimurium has been shown to be highly effective as antitumor agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the tumor targeting efficacy and the mechanism of action of a specific attenuated mutant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) devoid of the whole operon coding for the high-affinity zinc transporter ZnuABC, which is required for bacterial growth in environments poor in zin...

Shoot branching requires the establishment of new meristems harboring stem cells; this phenomenon raises questions about the precise regulation of meristematic fate. In seed plants, these new meristems initiate in leaf axils to enable lateral shoot branching. Using live-cell imaging of leaf axil cells, we show that the initiation of axillary meristems requires a meristematic cell population con...

Altered coagulation and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic renal injury. Thrombomodulin is a necessary factor in the anticoagulant protein C pathway and has inherent anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the effect of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in a hypoperfusion model of ischemic kidney injury. To markedly reduce infrarenal aortic blood flow and femoral arterial press...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the resource-constrained, evidence-based, and outcome-driven Sacco Triage method (STM) for military-age victims of blunt, penetrating, and blast overpressure-like trauma. METHODS STM is based on a mathematical model of resource-constrained triage. Its objective is to maximize expected survivors given constraints on transport and treatment resources. STM uses estimates of ti...

AIM Short-time models (STM) to study the cardiotoxicity (acute or chronic) of doxorubicin in rats are of interest to assess protective interventions and pathways. STM promotes more ethical animal treatment with less stress, and at a lower cost compared to established long-time models (LTM). We wanted to investigate if an STM of 9 d yields the same information regarding cardiotoxicity as an LTM ...

We present a compositional method for verifying software transactional memory (STM) implementations and its application to the Bartok STM. The method consists of two parts. The first is a generic, manual proof of serializability at the algorithm level for lazy-invalidate, write-in-place STM’s. The proof relies on three properties of program executions that the STM must ensure. The second part c...

By using the first-principles density functional theory, we calculate the partial charge densities and STM images for the intradimer di-σ and interdimer end-bridge adsorption configurations of ethylene on Ge(001). Our simulated STM images show the effects of ethylene adsorption and clarify that, although STM images and surface structures evolve as the adsorption sites of ethylene on Ge(001), th...