Testosterone -- the gonadal sex steroid hormone plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS) development. One of the less known testosterone actions is neuroprotection. There are some evidences supporting the hypothesis that testosterone may act protectively in neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or depression. Androgens alt...

L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+)channels (VGCC) play an important role in dendritic development, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated that the gonadal steroid estrogen rapidly induces Ca(2+) influx in hippocampal neurons, which is required for neuroprotection and potentiation of LTP. The mechanism by which estrogen rapidly induces this Ca(2+) influx is not cle...

Purpose: Homeostasis and control of the intracellular calcium concentration are critical for multiple physiological and functional processes in neurons as well as for neuronal viability. Inositol–1, 4, 5–trisphosphate(IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are major intracellular calcium channels releasing calcium from intracellular stores, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, and contribute to calcium–mediated ...

central nervous system axons fail to regenerate after spinal cord injury (sci), partially due to the accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules in the lesion and formation of the glial scar. depakine, as known as histone deacetylase inhibitor, has neuroprotective effects. this study evaluated the histological changes (cavitation and axon regeneration) after sci associated with (following ad...

introduction: ischemic stroke is amongst the top four causes of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the world. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a high dose memantine on neurological function of patients with ischemic stroke.methods: in a randomized, 2 armed, open-label study, patients with mild to moderate cerebral thromboembolic event (ctee) who admitted to im...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vitamin D is a seco-steroid hormone with multiple functions in the nervous system. We discuss clinical and experimental evidence of the role of vitamin D in normal and pathological brain functions, and analyze the relative importance of vitamin D-modulated brain mechanisms at different stages of life. We also outline perspectives for the use of vitamin D in clinical nutrition ...

coenzyme q10 is a promising   agent for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative   diseases. neuroprotective effects of coenzyme q10 demonstrated in some   neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinson, alzheimer and etc. hippocampus   is home of these diseases. we assayed coenzyme q10 effects on hippocampal   injury model and our hypothesis is that coenzyme q10 has neuroprotective   effects in some...

Male sexual behavior (MSB) is modulated by gonadal steroids, yet this relationship is highly variable across species and between individuals. A significant percentage (~30%) of B6D2F1 hybrid male mice demonstrate MSB after long-term orchidectomy (herein after referred to as "maters"), providing an opportunity to examine the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in steroidal regulation...

myelography is a diagnostic procedure to indicate spinal defects. after the inception of new means of spinal cord imaging, use of myelography has been limited. since there are contraindications for other modalities in some patients, we have to use myelography. the most common complication of myelography is post myelography headache (pmh). many methods have been proposed to alleviate the pain. i...