This paper starts by setting the ground for a lambda calculus notation that strongly mirrors the two fundamental operations of term construction, namely abstraction and application. In particular, we single out those parts of a term, called items in the paper, that are added during abstraction and application. This item notation proves to be a powerful device for the representation of basic sub...

10.1083/jcb.1727rr3jcb.1727rr3William A. [email protected] receptor activation T he FGF receptor gets its multiple phosphorylations not randomly but in a strictly ordered sequence, say Cristina Furdul, Erin Lew, Joseph Schlessinger, and Karen Anderson (Yale University, New Haven, CT). The intermediate phosphorylation states—neither ful...

Given data y and k covariates x one problem in linear regression is to decide which in any of the covariates to include when regressing y on the x. If k is small it is possible to evaluate each subset of the x. If however k is large then some other procedure must be use. Stepwise regression and the lasso are two such procedures but they both assume a linear model with error term. A different ap...

We analyze the optimal investment strategy of a firm that can complete a project either in one stage at a single freely chosen time point or in incremental steps at distinct time points. The presence of economies of scale gives rise to the following trade-off: lumpy investment has a lower total cost, but stepwise investment gives more flexibility by letting the firm choose the timing individual...

In this paper, rigorous application of stepwise refinement is explored. The steps of definition, decomposition, and completion are described, where completion is a newly introduced step. This combination of steps extends the use of stepwise refinement to larger systems. The notions of range, active objects, and backlog interface are introduced. Verification of incomplete programs via interactiv...

Androgen-regulated gene expression is a highly coordinated dynamic process mediated by androgen receptor (AR) ligand binding and DNA binding, and by specific AR protein-protein interactions. The latter include DNA-binding domain (D-box) interactions in AR homodimers, and the interaction of the FQNLF motif in the AR N-terminal domain and the coactivator groove in the ligand-binding domain (N/C i...

A graph $G$ is called irregular if the degrees of all its vertices are not same. said to be \textit{Stepwise Irregular} (SI) difference any two adjacent always 1 (one). This paper deals with \textit{2-Stepwise (2-SI) graphs in which every pair differ by 2. Here we discuss some properties 2-SI and generalize them for $k$-SI imbalance edge $k$. Besides, also compute bounds irregularity Albertson ...

Our understanding of the program derivation process has evolved to the point where it can be described in terms of a clearly defined sequence of steps. In this paper, we will identify those steps and show how they may be used to derive programs from formal specifications. In describing the program derivation process we will focus on two things, its broad structure, and some detail for each of t...