the oriental beech constitute one third of northern forests area and stocking volume in the north ofiran. these stands obseve in pure and mixed. in order to properly management which guaranteesustained yield, it is crucial to collect basic information including stocking (volume and stem number),tree growth, diameter distribution pattern, diameter-height relationship, diameter-volume relationshi...

Images acquired with a commercially available digital camera were used to make measurements on 20 red oak (Quercus spp.) stems. The ranges of diameter at breast height (DBH) and height to a 10 cm upper-stem diameter were 16–66 cm and 12–20 m, respectively. Camera stations located 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 m from the stem were studied to determine the best distance to be used with the maximum wide ang...

in order to study of ecological and phenological traits of ferulago angulata asan important medicinal plant, this research was conducted in hezar mountains andbondareh henza in kerman province, iran. random samples of this plant were taken andtheir vegetation habitat conditions and their growth characteristics including height ofcollar leaves, height of flower stem, flower stem number and forag...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The interspecific allometry of maximum plant height (Hmax) with respect to maximum basal stem diameter (Dmax) has been studied for leptocaulis dicot and conifer tree species. In contrast, virtually nothing is known about the interspecific allometry of pachycaulis species. Here, the interspecific allometries for palms, cacti and cycads are reported and compared with those of ...

plant spacing and nitrogen are the most important factors for increasing tuberose quality and quantity. in this study, field experiment carried out as factorial randomized completely block design (rcbd) in 3 replications. different levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha) of ammonium nitrate was used. second factor was different plant spaces (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). results showed th...

Radial stem growth and the isotopic composition of growth rings are commonly used to quantify the effects of droughts on trees. However, often these parameters are quantified only at one stem height, e.g., 1.3 m, and it is not known how representative this is for the whole stem. This study investigated radial growth at four stem heights (1.3, 5.5, 9.8 and 14 m) of 21, and wood Δ(13)C and δ(18)O...

This research was conducted to investigate spatial variability and estimate tree attributes in a plantation forest in the Caspian region of Iran using geostatistical analysis. Sampling was performed based on a 50m?125m systematic grid in a maple stand (Acer velutinum Boiss) 18 years of age using circular samples of 200m2 area. Totally, 96 sample plots were measured in 63 hectares and 14.25 he...

BACKGROUND: Super absorbent polymers (SAP) by increasing the capacity of water storage and nutrition materials, reduction of wasting water and evaporation from the surface of soil improve crop production under water stress condition. Bio-fertilizers have the significant advantages to chemical fertilizers; for instance, they do not produce toxic and bacterial substances in the f...