Root diameter, a critical indicator of root physiological function, varies greatly among tree species, but the underlying mechanism of this high variability is unclear. Here, we sampled 50 tree species across tropical and temperate zones in China, and measured root morphological and anatomical traits along the first five branch orders in each species. Our objectives were (i) to reveal the relat...

The stele from Vezirhan (Istanbul Archaeological Museum, inv. 6219+71.27) is best known for its Old Phrygian and Greek inscriptions (B-05). However, reliefs also pose an interesting challenge. They include a boar hunt, ritual banquet scene, human figure, commonly identified as goddess, with lions, birds, palmette-like motif “sprouting” her head.
 dated to the late 5th–early 4th century BC....

Root nitrate uptake is well known to adjust to the plant's nitrogen demand for growth. Long-distance transport and/or root storage pools are thought to provide negative feedback signals regulating root uptake. We have characterized a vascular specific nitrate transporter belonging to the high-affinity Nitrate Transporter2 (NRT2) family, OsNRT2.3a, in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica 'Nipponbare...

NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) activity is increased in roots of Eucalyptus globulus subsp. bicostata ex Maiden Kirkp. during colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius Coker and Couch. To investigate the regulation of the enzyme expression, a cDNA (EgIcdh) encoding the NADP-ICDH was isolated from a cDNA library of E. globulus-P. tinctorius ectomycorrh...

In healthy cotton, except for random occasional occurrence in cortical cells, terpenoid aldehydes (TA) are localized in the epidermis and, even there, are absent from the tip 2-4 cm of the root. Since constitutive TA do not occur in the endodermis and stele of the root, they cannot be effective agents against the development of the sedentary stage of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognit...

Experiments were conducted with segments of corn roots to investigate whether nitrate reductase (NR) is compartmentalized in particular groups of cells that collectively form the root symplastic pathway. A microsurgical technique was used to separate cells of the epidermis, of the cortex, and of the stele. The presence of NR was determined using in vitro and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. ...

Comprehensive and systematic transcriptome profiling provides valuable insight into biological and developmental processes that occur throughout the life cycle of a plant. We have enhanced our previously published microarray-based gene atlas of maize ( L.) inbred B73 to now include 79 distinct replicated samples that have been interrogated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The current version of ...

Signaling centers within developing organs regulate morphogenesis in both plants and animals. The putative transcription factor SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is an organizing signal regulating the division of specific stem cells in the Arabidopsis root. Comparison of gene transcription with protein localization indicates that SHR moves in a highly specific manner from the cells of the stele in which it is s...