according to the standard of reasonable and ordinary person, negligence consists in doing something which a reasonable and ordinary person would not have done in that situation or omitting something which a reasonable and ordinary person would have done in that situation. in this article, descriptive and normative content of reasonable and ordinary person has been studied; it's ambiguities...

The situation calculus is one of the most established formalisms for reasoning about action and change. In this paper we will review the basics of Reiter’s version of the situation calculus, show how knowledge and time have been addressed in this framework, and point to some of the weaknesses of the situation calculus with respect to time. We then present a modal version of the situation calcul...

A fundamental aspect of general reasoning about physical systems is qualitative reasoning about continuous processes. The situation calculus is proposed as a framework for qualitative reasoning with some desirable properties that are less evident in the traditional framework, qualitative physics. However, in order to handle qualitative reasoning about continuous properties, we extend the concur...

A narrative is a course of real events about which we might have incomplete information. Formalisms for reasoning about action may be broadly divided into those which are narrative-based, such as the Event Calculus of Kowalski and Sergot, and those which reason on the level of hypothetical sequences of actions, in particular the Situation Calculus. This paper bridges the gap between these types...

Concurrent events are treated merely by not forbidding them. Narrative is treated as a collection of situations and events and relations among them. Narrative is easier than planning, because it does not require that the effects of events be guaranteed. Prediction is harder than planning, because it requires that the actions be inferred from the motives of the actors.

We consider the problem of planning in complex domains where actions are stochastic, non-instantaneous, may occur concurrently, and time is represented explicitly. Our approach is based on the situation calculus based language Golog. Instead of general search for a sequence of actions, as in classical planning, we consider the problem of computing a deterministic, sequential program (with stoch...

I present a language for specifying planning problems in which there are external events, that is, events beyond the direct control of the planner which may happen while a plan is being executed. The language is based on Miller and Shanahan’s representation of narratives in the situation calculus. I describe an implemented planner that produces correct plans for this language, and discuss how s...

Projection in the situation calculus refers to answering queries about the future evolutions of the modeled domain, while progression refers to updating the logical representation of the initial state so that it reflects the changes due to an executed action. In the general case projection is not decidable and progression may require second-order logic. In this paper we focus on a recent result...

This paper studies the notion of ability and its relation with the notion of action in a multi-agent context. It introduces the distinction between two notions respectively called “theoretical ability” and “ability”. The main contribution of this paper is a model of these notions in the Situation Calculus.