The Caulobacter crescentus cell extension known as a stalk represents an unusual bacterial morphology. C. crescentus produces stalks under multiple nutrient conditions, but the length of the stalk is increased in response to phosphate starvation. However, the exact function of the stalk is not known, nor is it known how much stalk biogenesis or function is conserved with other stalked bacteria....

A variant ofSCMV-D is the most common strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) occurring in sugarcane in the coastal hinterland and high altitude areas of Natal. In field trials conducted at Mount Edgecombe and Eston this strain decreased the yield of recoverable sugar from variety NCo 376 by 30 to 42 % and that from variety Nl2 by 15 to 30% when all the stalks were infected. Losses in yield wer...

a four - year field experiment (1999-2002) was conducted on a silty clay loam soil at laklak research field of hamedan to determine the effects of crop residue management and plowing depth on soil fertility and wheat yield in a maize-wheat rotation. in this investigation, four corn residue managements were used consisting of 1) stalk shredding by maize stalk shredder 2) stalk shredding by disk ...

Jute, kenaf, and ramie are important fiber crops in the textile industry, but their core stalks have not been well used. In this study, three fiber crops were examined with enhanced hexoses yields (% cellulose) up to 4.8-, 3.6-, and 1.9-fold from enzymatic hydrolysis of the steam-exploded stalks. Sequential dilute acid/alkali pretreatments achieved the increased hexoses yields up to 7.6-, 4.8-,...

Corn stover fractions (leaves, cobs, and stalks) were studied for enzymatic digestibility after pretreatment with a white rot fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Among the three fractions, leaves had the least recalcitrance to fungal pretreatment and the lignin degradation reached 45% after 30 days of pretreatment. The lignin degradation of stalks and cobs was similar but was significantly low...

The objectives of this experiment were (i) to determine the effect of water supply on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, bracts, capsule walls, and stalks of cotton at different growth stages and (ii) to determine the contributions of these nonleaf organs to whole plant photosynthesis. Water deficit reduced the total surface area per plant but increased the proportion of nonleaf to total pl...

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) is one of China’s strategic energy bases for the 21st century. While bioenergy in IMAR may play an important role in securing future energy supply, little research has been done so far, particularly for crop stalk resources as a potential source of bioenergy in this region. In this study we systematically analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of crop...

The results of two year studies (2003 − 2004) were presented, concerning the effect of various manners of ‘Tango’ celery shading on NR activity and the contents of NO3 and NH4 ions, free amino acids, soluble sugars and dry matter, all of which were determined in the stalks and blades of leaves on three different dates, including the harvest time. Three different shading types were used: shading...

The rising demand for bioethanol, the most common alternative to petroleum-derived fuel used worldwide, has encouraged a feedstock shift to non-food crops to reduce the competition for resources between food and energy production. Sweet sorghum has become one of the most promising non-food energy crops because of its high output and strong adaptive ability. However, the means by which sweet sor...