The paper reveals the main problems and prerequisites to formation of GULAG (Chief Administration Corrective Labour Camps) in 1920s. specificity this period history is described detail. author utilizes an extensive material letters, diaries other private sources. analysis statistical data allows trace trends totalitarian system Stalinism. On example SLON (Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp), shows...

DEMANDS FOR POLITICAL ORTHODOXY seem to appear, at least in the twentieth century, in thirty-year cycles. Thus, in the 1930s, we witnessed the rise of Hitlerism and Stalinism, both of which were aimed as much on purging their respective parties of differences as providing the “masses” with ideological guidance. In the 1960s, politics shifted its ground from parties to movements, and hence the d...