The continuing demand for yet smaller and lighter electronic devices requires micro packaging where shrinkage in the geometry of the substrates as well as decrease of the area of the die is needed. Higher device and circuitry integration of the silicon die, finer pitch of fully populated arrays interconnections are examples of how the industry is meeting these miniaturizations demand. Today tec...

In this paper, we proposed a 2-D analytical model for electrical characteristics such as surface potential, electric field and drain current of Silicon-on-Insulator Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (SOI TFETs) with a SiO2/High-k stacked gate-oxide structure. By using superposition principle with suitable boundary conditions, the Poisson’s equation has been solved to model the channel r...

The impedance bandwidth of a probe-fed microstrip antenna (MSA) is inherently narrow. Therefore, many approaches to increase the bandwidth such as using additional microstrip resonators [1], stacking parasitic patches above a fed patch (stacked MSA) [2] and embedding a U-shaped slot in the radiating patch [3], etc. have been proposed. It is desirable for wideband antennas that the frequency cha...

Summer-winter variations in marine nanoflagellate densities at 3 depths in North Sea sediment~ (0-3, 30-33 and 60-63 mm) were studied using epifluorescence microscopy. Benthic flagellate densities in summer ranged from 7 to 859 X lo3 and in winter from 9 to l100 X 103 cells ~ m ~ . T h e effect of season on flagellate densities was different among stations. At 10 out of 15 stations summer value...

Most studies on coral reefs have focused on shallow reef (< 30 m) systems due to the technical limitations of conducting scientific diving deeper than 30 m. Compared to their shallow-water counterparts, these mesophotic coral reefs (30-150 m) are understudied, which has slowed our broader understanding of the biodiversity, ecology, and connectivity of shallow and deep coral reef communities. We...