Modem municipal waste combustors (MWC's) process approximately 100 million tons of refuse each year in the United States, Europe and Japan, producing 30 million tons of ash. The incineration process has the effect of concentrating the toxic heavy metals normally present in municipal refuse. As a result, the ash may require treatment to reduce the quantity or the mobility of heavy metals within ...

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is often used for the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of waste containing heavy metals and salts. These waste components will precipitate in the form of insoluble compounds on to unreacted cement clinker grains preventing further hydration. In this study the long term effects of the presence of contaminants in solidified waste is examined by numerically simulat...