The composition of a landscape is a fundamental indicator in land-cover pattern assessments. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a landscape composition indicator called 'landscape mosaic' as a framework for interpreting land-cover dynamics over a 9-year period in a 360,000 km2 study area in the southern United States. The indicator classified a land parcel into one of 19 possible lands...

The importance of accurately monitoring rangeland degradation dynamics over decades is increasing in Linxia rangeland, the birthplace of the Yellow River in China. Since 2000, the Chinese government has implemented the “Grain for Green” program and enforced a grazing ban in Gansu province, one of the most degraded provinces, to mitigate the problem of rangeland degradation. The effects of these...

Euclidean rotations in R2 are bijective and isometric maps, but they generally lose these properties when digitized in discrete spaces. In particular, the topological and geometric defects of digitized rigid motions on the square grid have been studied. This problem is related to the incompatibility between the square grid and rotations; in general, one has to accept either relatively high loss...

High-quality abundance data are expensive and time-consuming to collect and often highly limited in availability. Nonetheless, accurate, high-resolution abundance distributions are essential for many ecological applications ranging from species conservation to epidemiology. Producing models that can predict abundance well, with good resolution over large areas, has therefore been an important a...

Nivat’s conjecture is a long-standing open combinatorial problem. It concerns two-dimensional configurations, that is, maps Z → A where A is a finite set of symbols. Such configurations are often understood as colorings of a two-dimensional square grid. Let Pc(m,n) denote the number of distinct m × n block patterns occurring in a configuration c. Configurations satisfying Pc(m,n) ≤ mn for some ...

Let -----. For an analytic self-map ---  of --- , Let --- be the composition operator with composite map ---  so that ----. Let ---  be a bounded analytic function on --- . The weighted composition operator ---  is defined by --- . Suppose that ---  is the Hardy space, consisting of all analytic functions defined on --- , whose Maclaurin cofficients are square summable. .....

As a medium between people and the city, urbanscape makes a mental connection between individuals and their surroundings. It is usually difficult to conceive this mental relationship and its corresponding processes with usual methods. This study seeks to address the mental aspects of urbanscape and highlight its role and importance by using an innovative method. In this study, map-based meth...

ents near these stations become increasingly steep. The generalized skew map selected for this study was based on a grid spacing of 20,000 meters and 12 stations. The part of the map for western Oregon is shown in figure 8. This map was selected because it had the smallest mean square error while having skew isolines that are smooth and with no peaks or valleys. This map offers considerable imp...