Background Cervical cytology has continually evolved. Nowadays, the category of atypical glandular cells (AGC) is less frequent than atypical squamous cells (ASC), associating poorlyreproducible inter-observer interpretation. Cellular characters sometimes surpass benign reparatory processes or associate high-grade squamous precursor lesions, glandular neoplasia, including cervical adenocarcinom...

Cervical cytology is accepted worldwide for early detection of cervical neoplasia since the inception of the conventional Pap smear. The 2001 Bethesda Terminology System implemented the criteria for determining the squamous cell cytologic abnormalities as atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamo...

The ocular surface is composed of the conjunctiva and the cornea. The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane which covers the globe and inner part of the eyelids. The morphology of conjunctival epithelial cells are nonkeratinized stratified epithelia which vary from cuboidal over the tarsus, to columnar in the fornices, to squamous epithelia on the globe. Goblet cells account for up to 10% of the bas...

The effect of vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis A on the urothelial carcinogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formanmide (FANFT) was determined in female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder and high incidences of cystitis, ureteritis, and pyelonephritis. Administration of FANFT to vitamin A-deficient rats ...

Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer death in the world [1]. Over 80% of esophageal cancers occur in developing countries [1], and in these areas, 90% of these cancers are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [2]. The precursor lesion of ESCC is squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (squamous dysplasia), defined histologically as nuclear atypia (enlargement, pleomorphism...

Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma is a relatively rare skin appendage carcinoma [1]. Although ocular sebaceous carcinoma is thought to arise from the Meibomian glands and glands of Zeis, there is no evidence that extraocular sebaceous carcinoma arises from pre-existing sebaceous glands [2]. Most sebaceous carcinomas are invasive [1], however, only a few cases of sebaceous carcinoma associated wit...