A macro-element model for predicting the load–displacement behaviour of a spudcan foundation in clay overlying sand when subjected to combined vertical, horizontal and moment loading is introduced. Observations from detailed drum centrifuge tests that measured effect underlying layer on are with finite-element results theoretical developments derive components model. The yield surface defined b...

A numerical model with a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach is proposed for spudcan penetration into sand overlying clay. Both stress-dependence and strain-softening effects are incorporated the M–C to describe sand, whereas Tresca softening effect used Effects of critical state strain threshold in clay sensitivity investigated. The verified against different soil conditions: uniform lo...