background: multidrug resistant enterobacteriaceae which was confined to the hospital environments is now emerging in the domestic food related environments as well. the main objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant enterobacteriaceae in the domestic food related environments.  methods: resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gen...

conclusions mobiles contamination with different pathogens is extremely common among our health care staffs compared with other societies, and resistance of these isolates to various antibiotics is also detectable. thus, quick assessment of this issue to prevent the spread of these infectious agents is critical for the authorities in our health care systems. results in total, 99.2% of mobile ph...

This paper describes a stochastic implementation of Austin et al.’s (1999) model of the spread of antibiotic resistance in a population of fixed size under varying conditions of antibiotic use. The population is divided into sub-groups: individuals colonized by commensal bacteria and an uncolonized group. The colonized group is further divided according to whether the commensal bacteria are sen...

Drug resistance is a recurrent theme in the history of infectious disease control. In the case of malaria, resistance to all but one of the five major classes of drugs is widespread [1]. Such resistance occurs because of the strong selection pressure associated with giving patients antimalarial drugs. The most effective way to stall resistance would therefore be to eliminate selection by haltin...

Emergence of the newly identified 16S rRNA methylases RmtA, RmtB, and ArmA in pathogenic gram-negative bacilli has been a growing concern. ArmA, which had been identified exclusively in Europe, was also found in several gram-negative pathogenic bacilli isolated in Japan, suggesting global dissemination of hazardous multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes.