The ability to evaluate spontaneity in human behavior is called upon in the esthetic appreciation of dramatic arts and music. The current study addresses the behavioral and brain mechanisms that mediate the perception of spontaneity in music performance. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, 22 jazz musicians listened to piano melodies and judged whether they were improvised or...

To counteract rigidification by standardization, we need: (1) employees' self-generating experimentation without punishment for failures; (2) letting "the nail which sticks out" grow instead of hammering it down; (3) examining crazy ideas seriously; (4) cultivation craftsmen's pride filling the requirements like robots; (5) spontaneous change-generating quick interaction among heterogeneous emp...

Kant holds that the whole “higher faculty of knowledge” (‘reason’ or ‘understanding’ in a broad sense), is spontaneous faculty. But what could this mean? It seems it either be perfectly innocent claim very dangerous one. The thought reason because not wholly passive, just slave to bombards senses. If so, then rejection Hume’s radical empiricism would suffice for Kant’s claim. reason, and ‘I thi...