Techniques for controlling California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) include trapping, shooting, acute toxicants, anticoagulants, and fumigants. These techniques are described and compared and the available information on their efficacy and economics is discussed. This kind of analysis is essential if growers are to make logical decisions regarding the various control options.

The spatial and temporal aspects of the habitat suitability European souslik (Spermophilus citellus L.) in an area Sredna Gora Mountain (Bulgaria) were studied. We used Landsat satellite imagery data to model changes species from 1985 2018. obtained results demonstrate that increased during studied period, presumably due raised temperatures accompanying drought summertime, as well human-caused ...

Sexually receptive female Spermophilus beldingi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) usually mate with several different males. The paternity of 27 litters born in 1977 and 1978 was ascertained by combining field observations of mating with laboratory paternity exclusion analyses. Most of the litters (78 percent) were multiply sired, usually by two or three males. This may be the highest frequency of multiple...

Between February 1992 and March 1994, four species of rodent from the Snake River Birds of Prey Area near Boise, Idaho (USA) were necropsied. Hemorrhagic gastritis was observed in 16 of 131 Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii), one of 11 Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) and the one Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) evaluated. No lesions were observed in 14 whit...

Sixteen percent of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were found to be shedding an average of 53,875 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts/g of feces. Male squirrels had a higher prevalence and higher intensity of shedding than did female squirrels. The majority of C. parvum isolates matched a bovine-murine genotype, with a few isolates resembling a porcine genotype. Higher intensitie...

According to 5-Myr-old fossil evidence, ground squirrels within the genus Spermophilus had diverged into subgenera Spermophilus and Otospermophilus by late Miocene times. Radiometric dating has also provided a precise time for the sudden onset of a geological event, occurring 0.725 Myr ago, that initiated the complete and permanent reproductive isolation of two subspecies within the subgenus Ot...

Reproduction is energetically costly for mammalian females during the periods of gestation and lactation and, consequently, is likely to be associated with reduced survival (Stearns 1989, 1992 ; Roff 2002 ) , particularly when maternal condition is poor. Higher mortality may be associated with birth-related complications, but it also may be the consequence of elevated circulating levels of cort...

samplings were done in different locations of northeastern iran and different specimens were collected during two years. the specimens belong to 26 different species attributing to 6 families: scuridae (spermophilus fulvus), cricetidae (microtus transcaspicus, microtus paradoxus, blanfordimys afghanus, chionomys nivalis, ellobius talpinus, ellobius fuscocapillus, cricetulus migratorius), calomy...