introduction: agriculture as one of old sectors of economy has been important role in the supply food for peoples and raw materials. globalization causes rapid growth of world trade and reduces information and communications costs. globalization and rapid growth of trade increases the potential benefits of trade for agriculture from various aspects. the potential benefits of trade for agricultu...

estimation of agricultural sector demand and supply and identification of its determinants could lead to more efficient policies and planning of this section. in this study, aggregate demand and supply of agriculture sector for years of 1959-2007 by using of nonlinear restricted armax model are estimated. result indicates that aggregate agriculture demand is inelastic in short and long run. tho...

The Iranian poultry sector has experienced many significant structural changes in recent years. Such changes may have influenced price dynamics and transmission of shocks through marketing channels especially on retail markets. This paper investigate price transmission, threshold behavior and asymmetric adjustment in poultry sector of Ardebil (AR), east Azerbaijan (EA) and west Azerbaijan (WA) ...

1991 The contents of this paper are the author's sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its Members. This publication is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or co...

Consumers often complain that retail prices respond faster to increases in wholesale prices than to decreases. Despite many empirical studies confirming this “Rockets-and-Feathers”phenomenon for different industries, the mechanism driving it is not well understood. In this paper, we show that, in contrast to the theoretical prediction, asymmetric price adjustment to cost shocks, as well as pric...

his study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between gasoline taxes (as the most effective energy carrier of emissions) and labor productivities in the case of Iran using the time series data for the period 1990-2015  usingthe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. This research tests the interrelationship between the variables using the bounds testing to cointegration proc...

In an in…nite horizon model with stochastic costs, moderate in‡ation, costly price adjustment, and optimal price setting, we demonstrate that individual price reductions will be larger but less frequent than price increases. With positive in‡ation, aggregate prices are more responsive to cost increases than to cost decreases, and a calibrated version of the model …ts well the magnitude of downw...