orchids are one of the most popular plants in the world and among them phalaenopsis genus have the most sales in a global market. because of its hard propagation, micropropagation technique has been employed recently. in this study, we tried to find out useful protocol for commercial production through in vitro culture. at first, for seed capsules production, flowers were pollinated with hand i...

Abstract- Efficient message delivery in city environment is required to ensure driver’s safety and passenger’s comfortability. In cities of developed nations, routing of data in vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) faces many challenges such as radio obstacles, mobility constraints and uneven nodes distribution. These factors primarily makes communication between vehicles complex. To overcome and t...

Mobility is the core property of mobile network. But such network can have fixed or mobile communicating nodes. A special categorization of mobile network in which communicating nodes are moving in high speed is called speed network. In such network, algorithmic approach and the network throughput depends on node speed and dynamic architecture. In this paper, a detail study on speed network is ...

Several reputation systems have been proposed for mobile ad-hoc networks in order to stimulate cooperation among mobile nodes. However, whether or not the mobile nodes will agree on the reputation of other nodes is not studied. In this paper, we present a formal specification and analysis of a general class of mechanisms to locally update the reputation of mobile nodes. Given an initial assessm...

with the increase of the volume of information and the progress in technology, the deficiency of traditional algorithms for fast information retrieval becomes more clear. when large volumes of data are to be handled, the use of neural network as an artificial intelligent technique is a suitable method to increase the information retrieval speed. neural networks present a suitable representation...

results of the 53 neck dissection specimens, histopathology showed metastases in 16 cases. the overall accuracy of usgfna, us and palpation was 96%, 68% and 70%, respectively. the specificity of usgfna was superior to palpation and us alone. usgfna had the highest sensitivity, predictive value and accuracy in detecting cervical metastases compared with other performed tests. conclusion in our s...

introduction: lymphoscintigraphy is imaging of the lymphatic system and has been integrated into the sentinel node mapping procedures. lymphoscintigraphy usually encompasses early or delayed static images. however, immediate dynamic imaging of the lymphatic basins and tumors has also been used as an adjunct lymphoscintigraphy imaging. the aim of this study was to assess the role of early dynami...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate nodal irradiation with conventional three-field's technique. materials and methods: fifty patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. computed tomography scans in the supine treatment position were imported into a treatment planning system. levels i-iii axillary and supraclavicular nodes were identified and their depths to ...

To prevent an exploit, the security analyst must implement a suitable countermeasure. In this paper, we consider cost-sensitive attack graphs (CAGs) for network vulnerability analysis. In these attack graphs, a weight is assigned to each countermeasure to represent the cost of its implementation. There may be multiple countermeasures with different weights for preventing a single exploit. Also,...