The inspection of specular surfaces differs significantly from the case of non-specular surfaces. In contrast to the non-specular case, the appearance of a specular surface is dominated by the reflections of the environment that are visible in it. The transfer of this observation into automated visual inspection is called deflectometry. The main principle of deflectometric surface acquisition i...

Determining the compositional properties of surfaces in the environment is an important visual capacity. One such property is specular reflectance, which encompasses the range from matte to shiny surfaces. Visual estimation of specular reflectance can be informed by characteristic motion profiles; a surface with a specular reflectance that is difficult to determine while static can be confident...

Optic flow provides important information for the perception of self-motion and can be generated by both diffuse and specular reflectance. Previous self-motion research using virtual environments has primarily considered the properties of diffuse optic flow, but not of specular flow. We used graphical simulations to examine the extent to which visually induced self-motion (vection) is robust ag...

PURPOSE To introduce a specular microscopic reference image for endothelial vacuolation in donated corneas. METHODS Two corneas from a donor with diffuse, round to oval dark areas at the endothelial level on slit lamp biomicroscopy and one normal-appearing donor cornea underwent specular microscopy, histopathologic evaluation and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Specular microscopy...

A method of measuring the relative phase of the energy gap in a high-temperature superconductor is suggested for electron energy loss spectroscopy. Energy-resolved measurements of off-specular scattering should show a feature similar to the specular feature associated with the gap. Unlike the specular feature, which reflects an average of the gap over the (normal) Fermi surface, the energy loss...

We use the simulated plane wave section method to separate specular reflections and diffraction events. We show that plane wave sections naturally separate specular and diffracted events and allow us to use plane-wave distruction filters to suppress specular events resulting in plane-wave sections of diffractions. A synthetic example demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in imaging fault...

The intensity value recorded by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) systems is significantly influenced by the incidence angle. The incidence angle effect is an object property, which is mainly related to target scattering properties, surface structures, and even some instrumental effects. Most existing models focus on diffuse reflections of rough surfaces and ignore specular reflections, despite ...

Specular surfaces and refractive media are difficult to distinguish from each other because they both generate distorted images of the surrounding lighting environment. Whereas convex refractive objects invert the orientation of the horizon so the sky appears beneath the ground plane, convex specular surfaces preserve the orientation of the horizon so the sky appears above the ground. Here, we ...

This paper introduces an algorithm that, given the geometry and surface characteristics of an object (the Phong highlight model is assumed), detects when specular or highlight aliasing is expected and indicates the correct sampling rate to eliminate it. This is accomplished by noting the geometric properties of the surface, the direction and distances to the eye and light sources, and the specu...