Large-scale geographical patterns of biotic specialization and the underlying drivers are poorly understood, but it is widely believed that climate plays an important role in determining specialization. As climate-driven range dynamics should diminish local adaptations and favor generalization, one hypothesis is that contemporary biotic specialization is determined by the degree of past climati...

Availability of data in a program determines computation stages. Incremental partial evaluation exploit these stages for optimization: it allows further specialization to be performed as data become available at later stages. The fundamental advantage of incremental specialization is to factorize the specialization process. As a result, specializing a program at a given stage costs considerably...

The capabilities of a data model to represent any conceptualization (expressiveness) are very important for faithful modelling. Focusing on the generalization/specialization dimension, unique features of the BLOOM model are presented: specialization criteria, four kinds of specialization, usage of specialization metaclasses, transitive specializations, combinations of specializations that autom...

We discuss the problem of specializing a deenite program with respect to sets of positive and negative examples, following BI94]. This problem is very relevant in the eld of inductive learning. First we show that there exist sets of examples that have no correct program, i.e., no program which implies all positive and no negative examples. Hence it only makes sense to talk about specialization ...

Although the concept of specialization has played a central role in the development of ecological and evolutionary theory, important questions about specialization remain largely unanswered. We argue that the traditional division of specialization into evolutionary and ecological factors may be less useful than considering specialization as three components, which may not be mutually exclusive:...

The transcriptome of the brain changes during development, reflecting processes that determine functional specialization of brain regions. We analyzed gene expression, measured using in situ hybridization across the full developing mouse brain, to quantify functional specialization of brain regions. Surprisingly, we found that during the time that the brain becomes anatomically regionalized in ...

Specialization is a growing area of interest in the operating systems community. OS components specialized to some particular circumstance can o er enhanced performance, functionality, or both. Complimentary partial evaluation techniques for automatically specializing programs are also reaching maturity. However, the problem of managing specialization remains: how to specify a specialization, w...