Residential segregation is defined in a variety of ways to address a common concern: to what extent do social groups reside in separate or distinct places. The spatial pattern of segregation varies widely across cities, and distinct spatial patterns can be generated by different mechanisms and have different consequences for residents and their communities. However, the methods commonly employe...

Urban planning for optimal provision of recreational forests is not only con2 cerned with how much space is needed, but equally with how this could be 3 arranged in the landscape in order to make these forests accessible to many 4 potential visitors. The present study sought to establish relationships between 5 the spatial pattern of forest cover and these forests’ accessibility either on 6 foo...

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In many pattern recognition tasks we may be interested in asking questions about the behavior of sequences of observations on a particular random vector. Given that we have observed the sequence of feature vectors x1, x2, ..., xi, at i discrete points in time, for example, how likely is it that x will take the value xi+1 at time i+1. We may be interested in asking questions about the behavior o...

In this paper, the effect of urban heat island is analyzed using the Landsat TM data and ASTER data in 2005 as a case study in Hong Kong. Two algorithms were applied to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) distribution from the Landsat TM and ASTER data. The spatial pattern of LST in the study area is retrieved to characterize their local effects on urban heat island. In addition, the co...

Phenological changes within a growth season were investigated in two grazed, seminatural grasslands in southern Sweden. On four occasions during the growth season, two independent observers recorded plant frequency and percentage cover. The vegetation data sets were analysed with ordination methods. The temporal changes were highly significant, but accounted for only a small part of the total v...

Conventional metrics used to quantify signals in noise/hearing research rely primarily on time-averaged energy and spectral analyses. Such metrics, while appropriate for Gaussian-distributed waveforms, are of limited value in the more complex sound environments encountered in industrial/military settings that have nonGaussian and nonstationary-distributed waveforms. Recent research has shown th...

We consider the distribution of economic activity within a country in light of three leading theories—increasing returns, random growth, and locational fundamentals. To do so, we examine the distribution of regional population in Japan from the Stone Age to the modern era. We also consider the Allied bombing of Japanese cities in WWII as a shock to relative city sizes. Our results support a hyb...

The mechanisms of interdecadal changes of El NifioSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) modes are examined through an eigen analysis of a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model. It is shown that the observed interdecadal climate shift can effectively modify the strength of two major coupled feedbacks for the ENSO mode, namely, the zonal advection and thermocline feedbacks. These modifications lead to quan...