Motivated by the recent finding of hierarchical X-ray flaring phenomenon in Mrk 421, we conducted a systematic search for X-ray flares from Mrk 501, another well-known TeV blazar, by making use of the rich RXTE archival database. We detected flares over a wide range of timescales, from months down to minutes, as in the case of Mrk 421. However, the flares do not seem to occur nearly as frequent...

Soil moisture is one of the most important variable that in uences the soil-vegetation-atmosphere uxes. However, due to its high temporal and spatial variability, it is dif cult to provide accurate quantitative information on soil moisture at regional and global scales. Different approaches exist, but remote sensing is the more appropriated to measure soil moisture values and its variations. It...

Monitoring the surface deformation over the loess hills could help us understand the dynamics of soil erosion, the extent of anthropogenic impacts, and the mitigation methods for the potential damage to local ecosystems, agricultural production, socioeconomic infrastructure, water quality, and air quality in the Loess Plateau and the surrounding areas. The objectives of this study were to compr...

The SMOS satellite mission, launched in 2009, allows global soil moisture estimations to be made using the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model, which simulates the L-band microwave emissions produced by the soil–vegetation layer. This model was calibrated using various sources of in situ and airborne data. In the present study, we propose to evaluate the L-MEB model on the ...

< Hydro-climatology drives interand intra-annual variability of wet deposition flux. < Anthropogenic controls can homogenize wet deposition trajectories of NO3 and SO4. < Stochastic simulations enabled evaluation of the relative importance of drivers. < Results are useful in identifying locations that can benefit from strong regulations. a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 17 Octobe...

Casimir forces of massive ferrnionic Dirac fields are calculated for parallel plates geometry in spatial space with dimension d and imposing bag model boundary conditions. It is shown that in the range of ma>>l where m is mass of fields quanta and a is the separation distance of the plates, it is equal to massive bosonic fields Casimir force for each degree of freedom. We argue this equalit...

the aim of this paper is to establish a fuzzy version of the dualitybetween domains and completely distributive lattices. all values aretaken in a fixed frame $l$. a definition of (strongly) completelydistributive $l$-ordered sets is introduced. the main result inthis paper is that the category of fuzzy domains is dually equivalentto the category of strongly completely distributive $l$-ordereds...

large urban areas are facing growing problems of noise pollutions. geospatial information systems (gis) can conveniently be adapted to gather, analyze and present noise information. gis can also be extended to answer to user specific problems through deterministic and statistics models. the objectives of this research were to measure urban traffic noise levels, analyze temporal and spatial dyna...