Debugging usually facilitates the dynamic analysis of runtime application for software development. Yet it can also be a threat to system security when adopted by malicious attackers, and hence anti-debugging becomes valuable. The major challenges of software-only anti-debugging are the compromised strategy and lack of self-protection. This paper proposes software protection through anti-debugg...

in order to study the effect of foliar zinc spraying on photosynthetic pigments and yield of chickpea under water stress conditions, a factorial experiment carried out based on randomized completely block design (rcbd) with three replications in university of mohaghegh ardabili agricultural research station in 2012. the treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation (irrigated at planting, ...

A single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with an InGaAs absorption region, and an InAlAs avalanche region was designed and demonstrated to detect 1550 nm wavelength photons. The characterization included leakage current, dark count rate and single photon detection efficiency as functions of temperature from 210 to 294 K. The SPAD exhibited good temperature stability, with breakdown voltage depend...

We present a 72 × 60, angle-sensitive single photon avalanche diode (A-SPAD) array for lens-less 3D fluorescence lifetime imaging. An A-SPAD pixel consists of (1) a SPAD to provide precise photon arrival time where a time-resolved operation is utilized to avoid stimulus-induced saturation, and (2) integrated diffraction gratings on top of the SPAD to extract incident angles of the incoming ligh...

Single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) has become an essential part of the super-resolution toolbox for probing cellular structure and function. The rapid evolution of these techniques has outstripped detector development and faster, more sensitive cameras are required to further improve localisation certainty. Single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) array cameras offer single-photon ...

In many approaches to recommendation diversification, a recommender scores items for relevance and then re-ranks them to balance relevance with diversity. In intent-aware diversification, diversity is formulated in terms of coverage of aspects, where aspects are either explicit such as movie genres or implicit such as the latent factors found during matrix factorization. Typically, the same set...

BACKGROUND The aim of extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD) is to reduce endogenous toxins accumulating in liver failure. To date, ECAD is conducted mainly with the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS). However, single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the two devices with a prospective, single-centre, non-inferio...

SPAD-based solid state CMOS image sensors utilising analogue integrators have attained deep sub-electron read noise (DSERN) permitting single photon counting (SPC) imaging. A new method is proposed to determine the read noise in DSERN image sensors by evaluating the peak separation and width (PSW) of single photon peaks in a photon counting histogram (PCH). The technique is used to identify and...

A major problem for optical biomedical imaging methods, e.g. near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT), using time resolved SPAD sensors is a slow acquisition time, resulting in motion artefacts and decreased patient comfort. We present a new SPAD sensor module optimised for the NIROT application. Dynamic TDC reallocation is employed to reduce the die area occupied by timing circuitry whilst als...

In this paper we present a two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) system based on a two-dimensional single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array fabricated in CMOS [1] [2]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of two-photon FLIM based on a CMOS detector. The sensor reported here exhibits picosecond accuracy, operates at room temperature, and requires n...