This article is an inquiry into the extent to which, and how, roles of men and women in indigenous communities in north-central Siberia have changed along with the changing economic and political context from the 1917 Communist Revolution to the post-Soviet era. The starting point for this investigation is archived data from the 1926/27 Polar Census of Siberia. Fieldwork conducted in the region...

We use a difference-in-differences strategy that compares Communist with Western European countries to test the effect of the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe on the flow of book translations between countries. We find that translations of Western European titles into former non-Soviet Communist countries increased by a factor of eight with the fall of Communism and reached Western level...

iran's relation with one of the largest countries, that is, russia (the soviet :union:) has under gone many changes. one of the brilliant examples of the changing policies of russia towards iran is, no doubt, the years 1941 to 1953. in this period, most of graceful communist parties' rise and fall is making relations between iran and russia. tudeh party, ferghe democrate azerbaijan an...

Online computer museums have large educational, cultural and aesthetic significance. They promote preservation of our historical and cultural heritage. Edward Proydakov‟s Virtual Computer Museum launched in 1997 (http://www.computer-museum.ru) is the most representative and professional one in Russia. The unique feature of this project is active participation of outstanding scientists, engineer...

Moreover, Pavlov's colleagues recognized that his postulated "cortical" reflexes and his later concept of "second signal system", with which he claimed to conquer the citadel of mind, were "illusory physiology", despite their respectful or fatuous praise for the Nobel laureate. Nonetheless, both the Party leadership and the educated public persisted in the naive belief that mind is or soon woul...

Mass high-rise, tenement housing in former Soviet bloc countries, built within the modernist genre, has proved to be problematical throughout history of architecture and urban planning. This study addresses features mass state Kazakhstan, which planning, artistic, psychological, social, aspects have resulted inhabitants? diminished quality life. The study?s findings reveal specific critical pro...