Relativism and realism are often held to be in conflict. It is not obvious what the exact nature of the conflict is supposed to be, because it is not obvious what the two doctrines amount to. But that there is some kind of conflict between moral realism and moral relativism is evidenced by the fact that some take moral relativism to be the straightforward denial of moral realism. David Brink, f...

I compare a ‘realist’ with a ‘social-relational’ perspective on our judgments of the moral status of artificial agents (AAs). I develop a realist position according to which the moral status of a being particularly in relation to moral patiency attribution is closely bound up with that being’s ability to experience states of conscious satisfaction or suffering (CSS). For a realist both moral st...

Over the past two decades it has become standard to construe Kant’s ethics as a paradigm of constructivism, standing in stark opposition to realism. Under such an interpretation, Kant’s ethics is based on constructive procedures that yield normative practical principles for us, rather than on facts about goodness that might ground such principles. While there is, no doubt, textual support for t...

Sophisticated/Well-Educated Person from Avicenna’s Perspective*   A. Sohbatloo** M.R. Aahanchiyaan, Ph.D.*** B. Sha’bani Varaki, Ph.D.**** A.R. Saadeghzaadeh Ghamsari, Ph.D.*****   A basic question asked by many philosophers has been about the criteria by which a person’s sophistication is measured and the characteristics by which a sophisticated/well educated person is identified. Given...

In Chapters 4 and 5 of his 1998 book From Metaphysics to Ethics: A Defence of Conceptual Analysis, Frank Jackson propounds and defends a form of moral realism that he calls both „moral functionalism‟ and „analytical descriptivism‟. Here we argue that this metaethical position, which we will henceforth call „analytical moral functionalism‟, is untenable. We do so by applying a generic thought-ex...

This paper seeks to provide an extended critical overview of crucial issues and dilemmas within contemporary social thought, as well as within the wide field of social science theory and methodology. In this context, it offers some necessary theoretical stimulations and perspectives to re-think seriously and imaginatively and to re-decide about the persistent, complicated, ambiguous and highly ...

This article examines Durkheim's relationship to realism. I argue that there is enough prima facie evidence of realist commitments in his work our task should be consider what kind Durkheim was. discuss, first all, epistemics and follow analysis with a discussion metaphysical realism texts. The part the paper covers wide range work; second focuses primarily on Elementary Forms Religious Life. I...