Laboratory measurements of three predicted wave types (two compressional or P-waves and one shear S-wave) have been made in artificial soils. The Type-I P and S-wave are predicted to be most sensitive to the macroscopic elastic properties of the frame, whilst the Type 11 P-wave is predicted to be most sensitive to the hydrodynamic material properties. A loudspeaker source has becn used for the ...

Mineral and organic salts from beef manure contained in precipitation runoff from feedyard pen surfaces can alter the conductivity properties of soil and water receiving it. Typically, holding ponds are constructed to control runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations. The integrity of these holding ponds has come under increased scrutiny since leakage has the potential to affect soil a...

of the spatial variability in soil moisture within the root zone. An instrument for making rapid measurements of the soil moisture Studies have shown that soil moisture content can content in the root zone is an essential tool for many applications, be inferred from measurements of the soil electrical including understanding of soil water dynamics, evaluation of agriculresistance (e.g., Seyfrie...

This paper presents the design of earthing system for 132 KV substation and simulation for calculation of required parameters. This paper is to provide information pertinent to safe earthing practices in ac substation design and to establish the safe limits of potential difference under normal and fault conditions. The grounding grid system of a practical 220 kV substation is calculated by MATL...

This paper presents a novel statistical description of the counterpoise effective length due to lightning surges, where the (impulse) effective length had been obtained by means of regressive formulas applied to the transient simulation results. The effective length is described in terms of a statistical distribution function, from which median, mean, variance, and other parameters of interest ...

The aim of this paper is to investigate landslide prone areas in Nilgiri hills which have caused damage to people and properties and to devise preventive steps to be taken in the events of future landslides. Our study area was situated at Ooty region, Nilgiri District, Tamilnadu. In this study we use the seismic refraction survey carried out across landslides located near the villages in Allanc...

The goal of cathodic protection is to prevent corrosion by maintaining buried pipelines at a constant potential with respect to the surrounding soil. In practice, however, the implementation is very complicated since many factors can contribute to the current flowing off the pipe. Design requires characterization of the parameters impacting the corrosion process, such as soil resistivity, size ...

This paper investigates the influence of the soil electrical conductivity and permittivity dependence with frequency in grounding response to lightning currents. Simulated results for soil with frequency variation of its parameters show: i) a significant reduction of the amplitude values of the transient voltages and impulse impedance; ii) an increase of the expected effective length of electro...