The concept of probiotic has been around for more than century. Their impact on human nutrition is still an emerging science, and knowledge of human intestinal micro flora is still growing. To determine the positive effect of probiotic strain, necessary tools are required to monitor the specific strain in the intestines. The addition of molecular methods to conventional microbiological methods ...

Manipulation of the human gut microflora is being attempted as a means of introducing into the digestive tract new micro-organisms which are beneficial to the host or which are able to bring about advantageous changes to the equilibrium populations and metabolic activities of the indigenous flora. In theory, this can be achieved by ingestion of nutrients or growth substances specifically favour...

introduction: nosocomial infections affect nearly 10% of hospitalized patients. the majority of nosocomial infections are transmitted by contact, primarily by hands of health care workers. the micro-organisms on the hand can be divided into transient, resident and infectious flora. transient flora is the main cause of nosocomial infection which acquired primarily by contact and loosely attached...

The alimentary tract at birth is either sterile or contains only a few micro-organisms (Wilson and Miles, 1955). Within a few days of birth a profuse flora is established in the mouth and large intestine. However, the small intestine remains relatively free from micro-organisms throughout life (Cregan and Hayward, 1953; Anderson and Langford, 1958a). Thus in health it seems that some antibacter...

The alimentary tract at birth is either sterile or contains only a few micro-organisms (Wilson and Miles, 1955). Within a few days of birth a profuse flora is established in the mouth and large intestine. However, the small intestine remains relatively free from micro-organisms throughout life (Cregan and Hayward, 1953; Anderson and Langford, 1958a). Thus in health it seems that some antibacter...

Effects of tobacco genetically modified to express the protease inhibitor bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor (BSTI) were examined in laboratory assays against three earthworm and one collembolan species. BSTI is a serine protease inhibitor that can bind to the digestive trypsins of insects feeding on modified plants, resulting in reduced growth and survival. Protease inhibitors are active against ...

Pesticides are the important agrochemicals used for prevention of crops from pests. Their use has been largely increased in last few decades. The application of pesticides starts from the pre sowing stage. Different treatments include soil application, seed treatment, foliar spray, etc. Repeated applications of pesticides contaminate the soil. Soil is the most important site of biological inter...

Honey bee and the products (honey, pollen, wax, propolis) are generally considered as efficient bioindicators of the environmental pollution. Honey bee activity upon a territory is well defined both in space and time and honey bee itself is easier to control than other animal bioindicators (birds, fish, wild animals) . Networks of bee hives near nuclear and industrial installations are therefor...

probiotic products highly affect the health of consumers by reducing the risk of heart attacks and improving the desirable microflora in the intestinal tract. in this study the effect of yogurt (500g/d for 3 wk) enriched with either bifidobacterium bifidum or lactobacillus acidophilus on the level of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (ldl) and high density lipoprotein (hdl) of serum and ...

Microorganisms are a necessary part of everyday life. Many, known as resident or normal flora, adapt and live peacefully with the human body, providing benefits such as vitamin production or cellulose digestion in the intestines, and protection from disease-producing pathogens. Transient flora may stay for weeks to months but do not remain permanently because of fierce competition from resident...