Climate is one of the most important factors determining variation in forest structure, but whether soils have independent effects is less clear. We evaluate how climate and soil independently affect forest structure, using 89 200 stems ≥ 10 cm dbh from 220 1-ha permanent plots distributed along environmental gradients in lowland Bolivia. Fifteen forest structural variables, related to vertical...

The widespread use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in arid regions improves the efficiency of local land and water use. However, SAPs' repeated absorption and release of water has periodic and unstable effects on both soil's physical and chemical properties and on the growth of plant roots, which complicates modeling of water movement in SAP-treated soils. In this paper, we proposea model of ...

This research employs Multi Soil Layering (MSL), an environmentally friendly technology, to remove coliform bacteria contaminants from wastewater using a novel alternative medium. The purpose of this study is evaluate the efficacy MSL method employing bio rings in reducing pollutant parameters domestic wastewater, particularly total coliform. utilized Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) variations 23....

A numerical model was developed to simulate the response of two instrumented, centrifuge model tests on soft clay and to investigate the factors that affect the seismic ground response. The centrifuge tests simulated the behavior of a rectangular building on 30 m uniform and layered soft soils. Each test model was subjected to several earthquakelike shaking events at a centrifugal acceleration ...

The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating effect different substrates based on grass roots, air layering in lychee plants. seedlings were planted plastic pots a capacity 10 liters mixture soil, sand and barnyard manure (3:1:1). treatments composed Esfagno as control forage roots: Tifton, Jiggs, Mombaça Tanzânia. Ninety days after planting, their roots removed placed to dry f...

It is proposed to use a single base platform in the Persian Gulf considering its low depth and more appropriate environmental conditions in comparison to North Sea and Mexico Gulf where this kind of platform is very popular. The pile of platform is responsible for transmission of environmental loads resulted from waves, currents, wind and dead loads to foundation of platform. Using SACS 5.3 sof...

Wetting phenomena plays an interesting role in the technological development of materials. Recently, much attention has been directed to the study of magnetic solid films. To understand, theoretically, the effect of surface on wetting and layering transitions in these systems, we will give in this chapter a presentation of several relevant recent theoretical works realized on wetting and layeri...