Beginning in 1904–5, Tsarist Russia faced its most serious crisis since the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese war, a wave of assassinations of officials and the outbreak of mass rebellion among peasants, workers, sailors and soldiers reduced the country to near chaos, especially during the autumn and winter of 1905–6. The regime responded both by making co...

The discussion between the followers of Howard’s garden city concept and supporters Fordian social is considered on basis archival documents. took place in 1920s ended with administrative suppression one parties, which largely determined ways further development socialist urban planning. article expresses thesis that opposing concepts were not antagonists at all. architecture over next hundred ...

would like to thank Mark Watson for correcting a mistake in his summary of Cantor’s argument. 1A note on citations: Mises’s article appeared in German in 1920. An English translation, “Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth,” appeared in Hayek’s (1990) collection Collectivist Economic Planning in 1935. 2The current paper assumes a basic familiarity with the socialist calculation deb...

Electoral systems have been shown to influence strategic voting and the development of party systems but the focus has rarely been on the strategies that parties adopt to take advantage of the electoral system under which they compete. Electoral pacts form one such strategy. We present a bargaining model which allows us to explore the factors influencing the extent and content of electoral pact...

Political parties have been the subject of a recent resurgent interest among political philosophers, with prominent contributions spanning liberal to socialist literatures arguing for more positive appraisal role in operation democratic representation and public deliberation. In this article, I argue similar re-evaluation within contemporary republicanism. Contemporary republicanism displays wa...

justice demonstrates in behavior of any person with another person and in government behavior with the people of the society. social justice is a kind of justice that expresses this concept in society. selecting the slogan of justice from modernity1 by marxism caused the social justice be the main idea in the governance of communist cities. the idea that it is different concept based of marxist...

Abstract This article sheds new light on the long-run evolution of political cleavages in 21 Western democracies. We exploit a database socioeconomic determinants vote, covering more than 300 elections held between 1948 and 2020. In 1950s 1960s, vote for social democratic, socialist, affiliated parties was associated with lower-educated low-income voters. It has gradually become higher-educated...

The socialist factory, as the 'incubator' of the new socialist (wo)man, is a productive entry point for the study of socialist modernization and its contradictions. By outlining some theoretical and methodological insights gathered through field-research in factories in former Yugoslavia, we seek to connect the state of labour history in the Balkans to recent breakthroughs made by labour histor...

Abstract In 1907, the Second International adopted a resolution on migration that rejected restrictions free movement of workers. this article, we contend that, despite official stance, issue was highly controversial one for international socialist community. We present multi-level analysis, in which detail debate as it took place platforms (roughly between 1903 and 1907) way played out domesti...

As a part of traditional Chinese culture, clan has both positive and negative impacts on the construction of new socialist countryside. On the one hand, it has definite positive impacts on protecting farmers’ interests, satisfying the psychological and emotional needs of farmers, and facilitating the construction of new socialist countryside. On the other hand, due to their narrow-minded intere...