A survey of developments in the social security systems of more than 125 countries from 1971 to 1975 found that most programs are undergoing significant growth. This pattern is reflected primarily by the adoption of additional programs and new provisions designed to raise benefit levels, provide flexibility in retirement practices, expand coverage, and cope with demographic changes, inflationar...

ALL BUT A FEW countnes throughout the world hsd one or more public progrtlms provldmg some type of social security protectlo* m 1977. Some of these programs date back to the late 19th century and contam extensive provwons Some other systems-pnrtlculsrly those of the 60 countries that obtamed their independence during the past two decades-are much ne\\er and, as a consequence, are still quite ln...

At the World summit for social development in Copenhagen in 1995 the member states committed themselves to “creating an economic, political, social, cultural and legal environment that will enable people to achieve social development” (Commitment 1). This overall commitment was followed by nine additional commitments, which to a large extent can be seen as means to achieve social development; o...

usmg the approprnte standard error table Square these standard errors to get vanances and sum the variances Then take the square root of the sum to get the standard error of the d&vence 7Vlth the not&on shown above, If /DJ > (2 x %D), there 1s a s~gmficant dlfforence ,n estunates A and B at the 95.percent level Assummg the cO”aPl*nce 1s equal to zero WI11 result ,n accurate estnnates of standar...