This paper presents an implementation of bottom-up learning in a cognitive model. The paper relates the learning mechanism, its implementation in a Soar agent, and an experiment where the agent learns to solve an example task. The agent first learns primary schemas (low-level patterns of behavior) and then secondary schemas (patterns of primary schemas). This implementation draws from theories ...

A crucial component of the receptor-evoked Ca(2+) signal is Ca(2+) influx mediated by the store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs). The molecular makeup of one SOC is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 and the pore-forming Orai1. Ca(2+) release from the ER leads to co-clustering of STIM1 and Orai1 to activate Orai1. The short STIM1 SOAR/CAD domain (STIM1 Orai1-activating region/CRA...

Introduction This paper builds upon a study of how people find faults in a simple device and a corresponding cognitive model (Ritter & Bibby, 2008). This existing model, Diag, was implemented in Soar 6 and is based on the idea that learning consists of procedural, declarative, and episodic learning. Diag was developed to analyze human behavior while solving a simple diagrammatic problem (Ritter...

It would extend the world that cognitive models can see if models could interact based on an interface language. We introduce a system designed to allow cognitive models to interact with any display written in Tcl/Tk, a common interface creation language. This approach can be viewed as extending cognitive architectures to include eyes and hands that exist in the world of Tcl/Tk. This system is ...

A programming language which is optimized for modelling multi-agent interaction within articulated social structures such as organizations is described with several examples of its functionality. The language is SDML, a strictly declarative modelling language which has object-oriented features and corresponds to a fragment of strongly grounded autoepistemic logic. The virtues of SDML include th...

For adults with disabilities who are experiencing homelessness, chances of being approved for social security disability benefits are very low, without assistance. Assisting with the Supplemental Security Income (SSI)/Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) application process can be challenging for case managers who lack capacity and expertise. Training caseworkers to document disability a...

This chapter reports progress in extending the Soar architecture to tasks that involve interaction with external environments. The tasks are performed using a Puma arm and a camera in a system called Robo-Soar. The tasks require the integration of a variety of capabilities including problem solving with incomplete knowledge, reactivity, planning, guidance from external advice, and learning to i...

Calcium influx through the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel is an essential process in many types of cells. Upon store depletion, the calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum, STIM1, activates Orai1, a CRAC channel in the plasma membrane. We have determined the structures of SOAR from Homo sapiens (hSOAR), which is part of STIM1 and is capable of constitutively activating Orai1...

The last decade has seen the emergence of a variety of cognitive architectures. This is good news, in general, for cognitive modeling, because architectures provide a readymade set of tools and theoretical constraints that can— according to architectural research methodology—assist the cognitive modeling enterprise by constraining the possible models of a set of phenomena or even making the “ri...

Incorrect knowledge can be a problem for any intelligent system. Soar is a proposal for the underlying architecture that supports intelligence. It has a single representation of long-term memory and a single learning mechanism called chunking. This paper investigates the problem of recovery from incorrect knowledge in Soar. Recovery is problematic in Soar because of the simplicity of chunking: ...