this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...

abstract the present study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of an integrated model of form-focused and task-based instruction on iranian efl learners vocabulary learning and retention.it also aimed to detect efl learners attitude towards the implementation of form-focused task-based vocabulary instruction in the classroom. in order to address the purposes of this study, a sampl...

Objective Some individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) termed as functional ankle instability (FAI) suffer from repetitive ankle giving way and feeling of ankle joint instability during dynamic activities like walking. Walking, as a postural task, requires some central attention to integrate sensory inputs, estimate, and plan and produce proper motor outputs. Attention demanding cognit...

Objective: Stuttering is a speech disorder that occurs with frequent and abnormal disruptions in speech, such as sound repetition, sound prolongation, and sound or airflow blockage. Although various hypotheses and factors have been introduced including cognitive and linguistic factors, the etiology of stuttering has not been fully understood. According to the vicious circle hypothesis, increase...

abstract the present study investigated the effects of task types and involvement load hypothesis on incidental learning of 10 target words (tws) in junior high schools (jhss) in givi, ardabil. the tasks deployed in this study were two input-based tasks (reading plus dictionary use with an involvement index of 3, and reading plus gap-fill task with an involvement index of 2), and one output-ba...

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of visuospatial task performance in elderly patients with and without Alzheimer's disease using the dual task. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental and between subjects and within subjects design was used in it. The 23 subjects (11 females and 12 males) with an age range of 62 to 81 years 13 patients w...

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of genu varum abnormality on the activity of the anterior leg calf muscle during single-leg jump-landing task.  Methods: A total of 28 male students of Physical Education (Mean±SD age: 21.53±1.65 y, weight: 66.67±7.15 kg, height: 173.38±4.54 cm) were assigned into the genu varum (n=14) and normal knee (n=14) groups. Their level of activity of...