Since the implementation of the mass vaccination campaign against hepatitis B in France, the appearance of multiple sclerosis, sometimes occurring in the aftermath of vaccinations, led to the publication of epidemiological international studies. This was also justified by the sharp increase in the annual incidence of multiple sclerosis reported to the French health insurance in the mid-1990s. A...

In France, the newly diagnosed infection rate was 372/100,000 for African immigrants versus 6/100,000 for the French-born population in 2008. In addition, people from sub-Saharan countries were at higher risk for late diagnosis than native-born French despite their more frequent use of HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the mean time since the last HIV test according to migra...

research" (p. 89). Such infelicities, however, should not lull the reader into a routine denunciation of a positivism-inspired plot, for the judgement would be mistaken. Canguilhem's account of science and progress in history arises from the epistemological configurations hatched up by Gaston Bachelard. The Anglo-American reader who can tolerate what seem on first hearing to be whiggish pronoun...

The age/sex-specific mortality trends of France and Italy were studied over the 1899-1979 period in as much detail as possible in an effort to distinguish between cohort effects and those related to period changes. Complete series of mortality data by individual years of age and calendar years were available from 1869 to 1979 for Italy and from 1899 to 1982 for France. For both countries, the...

OBJECTIVES The current study aimed at describing the distribution and characteristics of malignancy related deaths in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in 2010 and at comparing them to those obtained in 2000 and 2005. METHODS Data were obtained from three national surveys conducted in France in 2010, 2005 and 2000. The underlying cause of death was documented using a standa...

Time-series of growing season air temperature anomalies in the Parisian region and of Pinot noir grape harvest dates (GHD) in Burgundy (1676–2004) are analyzed in the frequency domain. Variability of both time-series display 3 significant frequency-bands (peaks significant at the 5% level): (1) a low-frequency-band (multi-decadal) with a 25 yr peak period, (2) a 3 to 8 yr band period (inter-ann...

To study the dynamics of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in France, 4,654 M. bovis strains isolated mainly from livestock and wildlife since 1978 were characterized by spoligotyping and MLVA based on MIRU-VNTR. In our study spoligotyping allowed the discrimination of 176 types although 3 spoligotypes are predominant and account for more than half of the total strain population: SB0120 (26%), SB0134 (...

For each quartile of income per consumption unit, annual time-series have been estimated from panel surveys, with annual waves of observations since 1974: INSEE Households' Continuous survey from 1974 to 1994, Sofres “Parc-Auto” panel survey since 1994. In these data sources, household behaviour is described through: car ownership (percentages of households with at least one car, and of multi-c...

In Europe today U.S. management consultancies occupy a dominant position among the largest service providers. In a "league table," published in the Financial Times of September 12, 1995, almost all of the top ten and more than half of the top forty European consultancies were of American origin. Over the past few years, many formerly independent ational consultancies have been taken over by for...

In 1914, Sir Edward Grey saw the lights going out all over Europe. Rather similarly, George Vigarello's latest book opens, at the end of the Middle Ages, with the bath-houses being closed down all over Europe. Therein lies, of course, a studied evocation of dejai vu for the AIDS-obsessed present. But Vigarello's image also encapsulates one of the key ironies of the history of cleanliness, which...