For centuries, the rich nocturnal environment of starry sky could be modelled only by analogue tools such as paper planispheres, atlases, globes and numerical tables. The immersive simulator twentieth century, optomechanical planetarium, provided new ways for representing teaching about sky, but high construction running costs meant that they have not become common. However, in recent decades, ...

It is a long time that the Simulated Annealing (SA) procedure has been introduced as a model-free optimization for solving NP-hard problems. Improvements from the standard SA in the recent decade mostly concentrate on combining its original algorithm with some heuristic methods. These modifications are rarely happened to the initial condition selection methods from which the annealing schedules...

in order to equip medical students with all the necessary skills in dealing with patients to provide optimal treatment, the need for the use of real patients in educational settings has become prominent. but all the required skills cannot be practiced on real patients due to patients’ safety and well-being. thus, the use of standardized patients (sps) or simulated patients (sips) as a substitut...

in this paper, a new approach to overlapping operations in job shop scheduling is presented. in many job shops, a customer demand can be met in more than one way for each job, where demand determines the quantity of each finished job ordered by a customer. in each job, embedded operations can be performed due to overlapping considerations in which each operation may be overlapped with the other...