the kinetics of zn sorption by ten calcareous soils of iran were measured and fitted to several equations (zero-, first-, second-, third-order, parabolic diffusion, simple elovich, and exponential equations). two initial concentrations of zinc i.e. 20 and 80 mg zn l-1 were used and observations were carried out for 100 hours. the time required to reach the near equilibrium state was about 24 ho...

Platinum extraction from different secondary sources has been experimentally tested by many researchers. In this article, dissolution of platinum in aqua-regia solution from two types of spent catalysts (reforming and nitric acid production) was kinetically studied. A variety of kinetic models for heterogeneous solid-liquid reactions, including homogeneous diffusion model, shrinking core model,...

In this paper, first a simplified version of a general fuzzy automaton with a fixed c is defined and then a subepisode of a simplified version of a general fuzzy automaton with a constant c is defined and explained connected and strong connected them, and finally, a model of quasi-order hypergroup on general fuzzy automaton with constant c is presented and the relationships between them are rev...

Malachite green is extensively used in the textile dye industry and agriculture as fish pests’ pesticide. Biosorption a type of sorption technique that uses biological sorbent. As now, biosorption viewed simple cost-effective process might be an alternative to traditional pollution treatment methods. Bioremediation one branches bioremediation minimise context incorrect waste disposal. The isoth...

model predictive controller is widely used in industrial plants. uncertainty is one of the critical issues in real systems. in this paper, the direct adaptive simplified model predictive control (smpc) is proposed for unknown or time varying plants with uncertainties. by estimating the plant step response in each sample, the controller is designed and the controller coefficients are directly ca...

This article reviews eight proposed strategies for solving the Symbol Grounding Problem (SGP), which was given its classic formulation in Harnad (1990). After a concise introduction, we provide an analysis of the requirement that must be satisfied by any hypothesis seeking to solve the SGP, the zero semantical commitment condition. We then use it to assess the eight strategies, which are organi...

After the fuzziness in Europe that surrounded the implementation of the excessive deficit procedure foreseen by the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), the European Union had to restore the credibility of the weakened fiscal rule. On March 2005, the 25 members amended the SGP. The constraint was to keep alive the Treaty of Amsterdam, which instituted the SGP. Indeed, an attempt to make major chang...

Reader's comments on an earlier draft, prepared in consultation with J. W. Hutchinson, C. F. Shih, and the ASME/AMD Technical Committee on Fracture Mechanics, provided by A. S. Argon, S. N. Atluri, J. L. Bassani, Z. P. Bazant, S. Das, G. J. Dvorak, L. B. Freund, D. A. Glasgow, M. F. Kanninen, W. G. Knauss, D. Krajcinovic, J D. Landes, H. Liebowitz, H. I. McHenry, R. O. Ritchie, R. A. Schapery, ...