Two common approaches for estimating a linear trend are 1) simple linear regression and 2) the epoch difference with possibly unequal epoch lengths. The epoch difference estimator for epochs of length M is defined as the difference between the average value over the last M time steps and the average value over the first M time steps divided by N 2 M, where N is the length of the time series. Bo...

This study approaches the least-squares method for simple linear regression model. The line does not comply with data when there are outliers that have deceptive effects on results in dataset. aims to develop a obtaining complies more