Density functional theory is used to determine the possible crystal structure of the CaSiO3 perovskites and their evolution under pressure. The ideal cubic perovskite is considered as a starting point for studying several possible lower-symmetry distorted structures. The theoretical lattice parameters and the atomic coordinates for all the structures are determined, and the results are discusse...

This report reviews the safety of Aluminum, Calcium, Lithium Magnesium, Lithium Magnesium Sodium, Magnesium Aluminum, Magnesium, Sodium Magnesium, and Zirconium Silicates, Magnesium Trisilicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller’s Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Montmorillonite, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolite as used in cosmetic formulations. The common aspect of all these claylike ingredients is that they c...

While soluble silicate binders have been used effectively for decades in various end uses, recent developments and discoveries may improve and expand the use of silicates. This paper reviews the traditional use and chemistry of sodium silicate binders and also describes how surfactants, viscosity modifiers, lubricants and non-traditional setting agents can provide new characteristics and flexib...

The function(s) of soluble silicates in repulpinghashing and flotation deinking of waste newsprint/magazine were investigated extensively, under optimized conditions. During repulping/washing, silicate ’s response was characteristic of a buffer and a detergent. It was responsible for a 3.0% increase in I S 0 brightness. In repulping/flotation, silicate accounted for a 6.1% increase in I S 0 bri...

Novel silicate nanoplatelets that induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the absence of any osteoinductive factor are reported. The presence of the silicate triggers a set of events that follows the temporal pattern of osteogenic differentiation. These findings underscore the potential applications of these silicate nanoplatelets in designing bioactive scaf...

We present (29)Si, (27)Al, and (67)Zn NMR evidence to show that silicate ions in alkaline solution form complexes with zinc(II) (present as zincate, Zn(OH)(3)(-) or Zn(OH)(4)(2-)) and, concomitantly, with aluminate (Al(OH)(4)(-)). Zincate reacts with monomeric silicate at pH 14-15 to form [(HO)O(2)Si-O-Zn(OH)(3)](4-) and with dimeric silicate to produce [HO-SiO(2)-O-SiO(2)-O-Zn(OH)(3)](6-). The...

Calcium silicate compounds belong to a complicated class of silicates. Among their many industrial applications, calcium silicates are heavily used as a building material as they constitute the main ingredient in today’s cement clinker. We report here an extensive surface analysis of synthetic calcium silicate phases (tricalcium silicate, C3S, and dicalcium silicate, C2S) using first-principles...

Quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering have been highlighted as excellent tools for studying the hydration of cement components. Here, the complimentary application of inelastic and time-resolved quasielastic neutron scattering to investigate the reaction kinetics during the crucial first 24 h of hydration will be highlighted. Some recent results include the interaction of tricalcium and...

The understanding and control of early hydration of tricalcium silicate (C₃S) is of great importance to cement science and concrete technology. However, traditional characterization methods are incapable of providing morphological and spectroscopic information about in situ hydration at the nanoscale. Using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy, we report the changes in morphology and molecular structur...

High-pressure experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that an iron-rich ferromagnesian silicate phase can be synthesized at the pressure-temperature conditions near the core-mantle boundary. The iron-rich phase is up to 20% denser than any known silicate at the core-mantle boundary. The high mean atomic number of the silicate greatly reduces the seismic velocity and provides an exp...