nitration of potassium sulphamate was carried out using a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid at -30 °c. the reaction time was optimized at the mole ratio of sulphuric to nitric acid of (1:3.5). the difference in product yield by changing the potassium to ammonium sulphamate was studied throughly. it was found that both the yield and purity of the product is better starting with potassium sulp...

Comparison of fluorescence intensities of corticosterone and cortisol in a variety of concentrations of sulphuric acid to ethanol has led to the finding that corticosterone gives several times as high fluorescence as cortisol in reagent consist ing of 6:4(v/v) sulphuric acid and ethanol, while it produces low fluorescence in comparison with cortisol in 9:1(v/v) sulphuric acid-ethanol reagent. T...

According to atmospheric observations new particle formation seems to be a function of sulphuric acid concentration to the power from one to two. The nucleation theorem then predicts that the critical cluster contains one to two sulphuric acid molecules. However, existing nucleation theories predicts that the power is more (or equal) than 2. Here we present an activation theory, which can expla...

Sulphuric acid concentrations were measured and calculated based on pseudo steady state model with corresponding measurements of CO, NOx, O3, SO2, methane and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations as well as solar spectral irradiance and particle number concentrations with size distributions. The measurements were performed as a part of the EU project QUEST (Quantification of Aerosol Nu...

Phlogopite flakes strewn on the soil of Caldara di Manziana (Italy) display multiple minute perforations. The site is a caldera linked to recent volcanism (90 ka 0.8 Ma) with present emanations CO2 (~150 t d−1) and H2S (~2.55 d−1). Stereomicroscopy SEM–EDX observation phlogopite crystals shows holes depressions <200 µm 2 mm across. They are circular, pseudo-hexagonal, or irregular. Within de...

this study reports the removal of cadmium from wastewater in batch mode, using two carbonaceous adsorbents viz. sunflower head carbon (shc) and sunflower stem carbon (ssc) prepared from waste biomass of sunflower. the adsorbents were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edx). the results of bat...

Gaseous sulphuric acid is a key precursor for new particle formation in the atmosphere. Previous experimental studies have confirmed a strong correlation between the number concentrations of freshly formed particles and the ambient concentrations of sulphuric acid. This study evaluates a body of experimental gas phase sulphuric acid concentrations, as measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectr...

Atmospheric gaseous sulphuric acid was measured and its influence on particle formation and growth was investigated building on aerosol data. The measurements were part of the EU-project QUEST and took place at two different measurement sites in Northern and Central Europe (Hyytiälä, Finland, March–April 2003 and Heidelberg, Germany, March–April 2004). From a comprehensive data set including su...