The article analyses the problem of silent/secret reading Orthodox liturgical prayers, especially Anaphora. It points to original practice saying them aloud, origins and possible causes silent reading, its complex consequences. description contemporary history attempts return prayers aloud are linked renewal in 20th century, current state question possibility further development.

The present study compared two reading modes of oral and silent reading to investigate which mode was more advantageous for EFL reading comprehension. The participants were thirty-three Japanese university students. In the experiment, the participants read narrative passages orally and silently. After each reading, a comprehension test was given to see if they comprehend the contents of the pas...

With the growth in digital display technologies, dynamic text presentation is used widely in every day life, such as in electric advertisements and tickers on TV programs. Unlike static text reading, little is known about the basic characteristics underlying reading dynamically presented texts. Two experiments were performed to investigate this. Experiment 1 examined the optimum rate of dynamic...