We define a signed embedding of a signed graph into real projective space to be an embedding such that an embedded cycle is 0-homologous if and only if it is balanced. We characterize signed graphs that have a linkless signed embedding. In particular, we exhibit 46 graphs that form the complete minor-minimal set of signed graphs that contain a nonsplit link for every signed embedding. With one ...

The energy of signed graph is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Two signed graphs are said to be equienergetic if they have same energy. In the literature the construction of equienergetic signed graphs are reported. In this paper we obtain the characteristic polynomial and energy of the join of two signed graphs and thereby we give another construction ...

A signed bipartite graph is a bipartite graph in which each edge is assigned a positive or a negative sign. Let G(U, V ) be a signed bipartite graph with U = {u1, u2, · · · , up} and V = {v1, v2, · · · , vq} . Then signed degree of ui is sdeg(ui) = di = d + i − d − i , where 1 ≤ i ≤ p and d+i ( d − i ) is the number of positive(negative) edges incident with ui , and signed degree of vj is sdeg(...

let $g=(v, e)$ be a graph. by emph{directional labeling (ord-labeling)} of an edge $x=uv$ of $g$ by an ordered $n$-tuple$(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$, we mean a labeling of the edge $x$ such thatwe consider the label on $uv$ as $(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$ in thedirection from $u$ to $v$, and the label on $x$ as$(a_{n},a_{n-1},...,a_1)$ in the direction from $v$ to $u$. inthis paper, we study graphs, called emph{...

Let In be the class of all signed involutions in the hyperoctahedral group Bn and let In(T ) be the set of involutions in In which avoid a set T of signed patterns. In this paper, we complete a further case of the program initiated by Simion and Schmidt [6] by enumerating In(T ) for all signed permutations T ⊆ B2.