A novel in-line surface-induced dissociation (SID) device was designed and implemented in a commercial QTOF instrument (Waters/Micromass QTOF II). This new setup allows efficient SID for a broad range of molecules. It also allows direct comparison with conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) on the same instrument, taking advantage of the characteristics of QTOF instrumentation, inclu...

Abstract The sid-1 (systemic interference defective) gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is an important participator in the systemic RNAi pathway and has been reported in several organisms. In insects, sid-1-like genes were described from Tribolium castaneum, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori and Schistocerca americana, but were not found in Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae. To in...

Stewart's quantitative physical chemical approach enables us to understand the acid-base properties of intravenous fluids. In Stewart's analysis, the three independent acid-base variables are partial CO2 tension, the total concentration of nonvolatile weak acid (ATOT), and the strong ion difference (SID). Raising and lowering ATOT while holding SID constant cause metabolic acidosis and alkalosi...

This paper describes the Sensor Interface Descriptor (SID) model and focuses on presenting and evaluating the SID creator, a visual approach to create instances of the SID model. Those SID instances comprise the knowledge required to integrate a sensor with the Sensor Web. This integration is done by an SID interpreter which uses an SID instance to translate between a sensor protocol and the Se...

Surface-induced dissociation (SID) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) are ion activation techniques based on energetic collisions with a surface or gas molecule, respectively. One noticeable difference between CID and SID is that SID does not require a collision gas for ion activation and is, therefore, directly compatible with the high vacuum requirement of Fourier transform ion cyclotro...

The plasmatic strong ion difference (SID) is the difference between positively and negatively charged strong ions. At pH 7.4, temperature 37 degrees C and partial carbon dioxide tension 40 mmHg, the ideal value of SID is 42 mEq/l. The buffer base is the sum of negatively charged weak acids ([HCO3(-)], [A-], [H2PO4(-)]) and its normal value is 42 mEq/l. According to the law of electroneutrality,...

Systemic RNAi, the intercellular spreading of RNAi silencing, requires SID-1 and SID-3 to import silencing signals in Caenorhabditis elegans. How are these signals exported? SID-5, an endosome-associated protein, is a candidate for the job.

Automatic speaker-identification (SID) has long been an important research topic. It is aimed at identifying who among a set of enrolled persons spoke a given utterance. This study extends the conventional SID problem to examining if an SID system trained using speech data can identify the singing voices of the enrolled persons. Our experiment found that a standard SID system fails to identify ...

We present a novel data organization for disk arrays|Segmented Information Dispersal (SID). SID provides protection against disk failures while ensuring that the reconstruction of the missing data requires only relatively small contiguous accesses to the available disks. SID has a number of properties that make it an attractive solution for fault-tolerant video servers. Under fault-free conditi...

Valine is among the limiting AA in low protein diets for pigs, but data are currently lacking for empirical requirement studies. Therefore, 2 growth assays and 1 N-balance trial were conducted to determine the Val requirement of weaned pigs (8 to 25 kg of BW) expressed as the ratio of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val to Lys. In Exp. 1, 48 pigs (individual housing; equal proportion of cas...