The Cooling Tower Energy & Operating Cost Analysis Software is an in-house program developed by Tower Tech and is used to design and evaluate the performance and life-cycle costs associated with a cooling tower. This version can be used to estimate the cost to purchase and operate a Tower Tech cooling tower and a competitor’s tower. A number of assumptions about the details of the competitor’s ...

This paper presents a universal engineering model, which can be used to formulate both counterflow and crossflow cooling towers. By using fundamental laws of mass and energy balance, the effectiveness of heat exchange is approximated by a second order polynomial equation. Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt methods are then used to determine the coefficients from manufactures data. Compared wi...

Design of a natural dry cooling tower has been accomplished in two sections: the design of heat exchangers and the numerical solution of flow through the tower. Heat exchanger (Heller type) has been simulated thermodynamically and then coupled with a computer program, which calculated the turbulent natural convection flow through the tower. The computer program developed for this purpose can be...

On July 9, 2013, an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) was identified at Long-Term Care Facility A in central Ohio. This article describes the investigation of the outbreak and identification of the outbreak source, a cooling tower using an automated biocide delivery system. In total, 39 outbreak LD cases were identified; among these, six patients died. Water samples from a cooling tower we...

In steam power plants, any improvement in the cooling towers thermal performance will cause the condenser's temperature to decrease; which in turn enhances the power plant's efficiency. Due to water shortage, many power plants all around the world rely on natural draft dry cooling towers (Heller type). In these cooling towers, condenser's exit hot water is pumped to vertical or horizontal finne...

design and construction of efficient and economic reinforced concrete (r.c.) hyperbolic cooling towers have driven the engineers toward the design of tall and thin-shell towers which have considerable high slenderness aspect ratio. consequently, the shell of r.c. cooling towers with relative high slenderness aspect ratio is extremely prone to buckling instability due to wind loading. to increas...

During extremely hot summer days, air conditioning systems are known as major electricity consumers in residential, commercial and industrial sectors. Moreover, high energy requirement of multiple-chiller plants may cause an interconnected power grid be faced with annual on-peak electrical demand, load-generation mismatch, voltage collapse and catastrophic wide area blackout. Therefore, this pa...

Although water-cooled chillers are more energy efficient than air-cooled chillers, a majority of chilled water systems use air-cooled chillers. In cold weather climates, air-cooled chillers are capable of functioning in low ambient temperatures with few operational concerns, where as water-cooled chiller systems must be equipped to prevent cooling tower freezing. The integrated chiller system a...

beginning with a discussion of energy and exergy analysis definitions, the presented study provides a descriptive mathematical model for energy and exergy analysis for a co-current gas cooling tower. for this purpose using conservation laws of mass, energy and momentum, the variation of temperature and enthalpy of gas and liquid streams are predicted along the tower length and are used in order...